Upgrades to the caution and warning system of the space shuttle

Improving Space Shuttle Safety Margin by Enhancing the Caution & Warning System Design

AIAA Space 2003 Conference & Exposition ◽

10.2514/6.2003-6386 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Edward Brown

Keyword(s):

System Design ◽

Space Shuttle ◽

Safety Margin ◽

Warning System

Download Full-text

Upgrades to the Caution and Warning System of the Space Shuttle

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/154193120304700104 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 16-20 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeffrey W. McCandless ◽

Robert S. McCann ◽

Bruce R. Hilty

Keyword(s):

Space Shuttle ◽

Warning System

Download Full-text

The effect of back-melting on the continuity of crystallographic orientation and composition in HgZnTe

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100133114 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 1696-1697

Author(s):

H.J. Zuo ◽

M.W. Price ◽

R.D. Griffin ◽

R.A. Andrews ◽

G.M. Janowski

Keyword(s):

Directional Solidification ◽

Space Shuttle ◽

Solidification Process ◽

Space Experiment ◽

Infrared Detection ◽

Directionally Solidified ◽

Crystallographic Defects ◽

Semiconducting Alloys ◽

Uniform Composition ◽

Growth Experiments

The II-VI semiconducting alloys, such as mercury zinc telluride (MZT), have become the materials of choice for numerous infrared detection applications. However, compositional inhomogeneities and crystallographic imperfections adversly affect the performance of MZT infrared detectors. One source of imperfections in MZT is gravity-induced convection during directional solidification. Crystal growth experiments conducted in space should minimize gravity-induced convection and thereby the density of related crystallographic defects. The limited amount of time available during Space Shuttle experiments and the need for a sample of uniform composition requires the elimination of the initial composition transient which occurs in directionally solidified alloys. One method of eluding this initial transient involves directionally solidifying a portion of the sample and then quenching the remainder prior to the space experiment. During the space experiment, the MZT sample is back-melted to exactly the point at which directional solidification was stopped on earth. The directional solidification process then continues.

Download Full-text

Food Safety Security: A new Concept for Enhancing Food Safety Measures

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000114 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 82 (3) ◽

pp. 216-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Venkatesh Iyengar ◽

Ibrahim Elmadfa

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Hazard Analysis ◽

Warning System ◽

Shared Responsibility ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Strategic Action ◽

Surveillance Network ◽

Measurement Systems ◽

Critical Control Points ◽

The Impact

The food safety security (FSS) concept is perceived as an early warning system for minimizing food safety (FS) breaches, and it functions in conjunction with existing FS measures. Essentially, the function of FS and FSS measures can be visualized in two parts: (i) the FS preventive measures as actions taken at the stem level, and (ii) the FSS interventions as actions taken at the root level, to enhance the impact of the implemented safety steps. In practice, along with FS, FSS also draws its support from (i) legislative directives and regulatory measures for enforcing verifiable, timely, and effective compliance; (ii) measurement systems in place for sustained quality assurance; and (iii) shared responsibility to ensure cohesion among all the stakeholders namely, policy makers, regulators, food producers, processors and distributors, and consumers. However, the functional framework of FSS differs from that of FS by way of: (i) retooling the vulnerable segments of the preventive features of existing FS measures; (ii) fine-tuning response systems to efficiently preempt the FS breaches; (iii) building a long-term nutrient and toxicant surveillance network based on validated measurement systems functioning in real time; (iv) focusing on crisp, clear, and correct communication that resonates among all the stakeholders; and (v) developing inter-disciplinary human resources to meet ever-increasing FS challenges. Important determinants of FSS include: (i) strengthening international dialogue for refining regulatory reforms and addressing emerging risks; (ii) developing innovative and strategic action points for intervention {in addition to Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) procedures]; and (iii) introducing additional science-based tools such as metrology-based measurement systems.

Download Full-text