Automation in commercial transport airplanes: The role of situational awareness

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf J. Braune
Keyword(s):  
Situational Awareness

Maintaining Situational Awareness: The Role of Visual Attention

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Chaparro ◽  
Loren Groff ◽  
Kamala Tabor ◽  
Kathy Sifrit ◽  
Leo J. Gugerty
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Situational Awareness

scholarly journals CPS Function for System Failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 6055-6061
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Digital Signals ◽  
System Failures ◽  
System A ◽  
Analog Signals ◽  
Process System ◽  
Software Code ◽  
Plant Process

A group of interacting or interrelated entities that forms a unified whole is known as a System. A system is portrayed by its spatial and temporal boundaries surrounded and influenced by its environment and it is also described by structure, purposes and expressed in its functioning. There are multiple types of problems, they are BSOD(Blue Screen Of Death) ,Missing of DLL Files, Computer Restarting Multiple Times , Overheating, Slow internet, Strange Noise, Slow computer, Failure of Peripheral devices, Downloading takes forever, Computer Freezes, App command not working, Jumbled computer screen. This problem may cause severe impact on the system, to avoid those impact it is mandatory to prevent the system from those problems before that occurs. There comes the major role of Cyber Physical System (CPS), which notifies the system about the problem before it occurs. CPS may be defined as combination of physics and cyber components, potentially networked and tightly interconnected with each other. Here, the term physics refers to the plant/process/system and the term cyber refers to the components/software/code. In the interconnection of the physics and cyber, two interfaces are used, one interface is used when the physic is connected to cyber and the other is used in vice versa. The first interface contains network and a convertor, which converts analog signals to digital, and the second interface consist of network and a convertor which converts digital signals to analog. The various application of CPS includes tracking and analysing CO2 emission, detect traffic accidents, insurance telematics and provide situational awareness services to first responders, measure traffic, monitor cardiac patients, etc. Our main aim is to deal with the usage of the CPS in various system failures. This paper gives a detailed description about the function of CPS in various system failures.

Connecting Worlds through Self-Synchronization and Boundary Spanning

2013 ◽  
pp. 76-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathrine Filstad ◽  
Vidar Hepsø ◽  
Kari Skarholt
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Boundary Spanning ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
The People ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Integrated Operations

This chapter investigates knowledge sharing in collaborative work. Through two empirical studies of personnel working offshore and onshore in an oil company, the authors address the role of self-synchronization and boundary spanning as practices for improving collaboration in integrated operations. They focus on the following enabling capabilities for collaborative work: management, knowledge sharing, trust, shared situational awareness, transparency, and information and communication technology. This chapter is more concerned with the people, process, and governance aspects of a capability development process for integrated operations. The authors are especially interested in how self-synchronization and boundary-spanning practices emerge in a dynamic relationship with the identified enabling capabilities. Self-synchronization and boundary-spanning practices influence the enabling capabilities and vice versa. In the end the improved practices and the enabling capabilities are so intermingled that it becomes difficult to describe causal relations and effects.

The Other Side of Autonomous Weapons

2019 ◽  
pp. 147-174
Author(s):  
Peter Margulies
Keyword(s):  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Target Selection ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Senior Officers

The role of autonomy and artificial intelligence (AI) in armed conflict has sparked heated debate. The resulting controversy has obscured the benefits of autonomy and AI for compliance with international humanitarian law (IHL). Compliance with IHL often hinges on situational awareness: information about a possible target's behavior, nearby protected persons and objects, and conditions that might compromise the planner's own perception or judgment. This chapter argues that AI can assist in developing situational awareness technology (SAT) that will make target selection and collateral damage estimation more accurate, thereby reducing harm to civilians. SAT complements familiar precautionary measures such as taking additional time and consulting with more senior officers. These familiar precautions are subject to three limiting factors: contingency, imperfect information, and confirmation bias. This chapter breaks down SAT into three roles. Gatekeeper SAT ensures that operators have the information they need. In each of the three contexts, SAT can help fulfill IHL's mandate of “constant care” in the avoidance of harm to civilian persons and objects.

Cognitive Ability Determinants of Elite Pilot Performance

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O'hare
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Pilot Performance ◽  
Individual Ability ◽  
And Control ◽  
High Degree

The role of the modern pilot requires a high degree of situational awareness. This involves the ability to search for relevant information, assess opportunities and priorities, and maintain performance under stress. The PC-based WOMBAT™ test has been designed to measure individual aptitude to cope with such demands. In the first experiment performance on the WOMBAT test was compared with performance on a battery of tests of specific underlying abilities. In the second experiment the performance of elite soaring pilots was compared with that of matched pilot and control groups. The results support the theory that the WOMBAT test measures individual ability to maintain situational awareness and that this ability is found in high levels in elite pilots.

External Factors Impacting Hospital Evacuations Caused by Hurricane Rita: The Role of Situational Awareness

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin L. Downey ◽  
Knox Andress ◽  
Carl H. Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Community Response ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Incident Management ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Community Factors ◽  
Hurricane Rita

AbstractIntroductionThe 2005 Gulf Coast hurricane season was one of the most costly and deadly in US history. Hurricane Rita stressed hospitals and led to multiple, simultaneous evacuations. This study systematically identified community factors associated with patient movement out of seven hospitals evacuated during Hurricane Rita.MethodsThis study represents the second of two systematic, observational, and retrospective investigations of seven acute care hospitals that reported off-site evacuations due to Hurricane Rita. Participants from each hospital included decision makers that comprised the Incident Management Team (IMT). Investigators applied a standardized interview process designed to assess evacuation factors related to external situational awareness of community activities during facility evacuation due to hurricanes. The measured outcomes were responses to 95 questions within six sections of the survey instrument.ResultsInvestigators identified two factors that significantly impacted hospital IMT decision making: (1) incident characteristics affecting a facility's internal resources and challenges; and (2) incident characteristics affecting a facility's external evacuation activities. This article summarizes the latter and reports the following critical decision making points: (1) Emergency Operations Plans (EOP) were activated an average of 85 hours (3 days, 13 hours) prior to Hurricane Rita's landfall; (2) the decision to evacuate the hospital was made an average of 30 hours (1 day, 6 hours) from activation of the EOP; and (3) the implementation of the evacuation process took an average of 22 hours. Coordination of patient evacuations was most complicated by transportation deficits (the most significant of the 11 identified problem areas) and a lack of situational awareness of community response activities. All evacuation activities and subsequent evacuation times were negatively impacted by an overall lack of understanding on the part of hospital staff and the IMT regarding how to identify and coordinate with community resources.ConclusionHospital evacuation requires coordinated processes and resources, including situational awareness that reflects the condition of the community as a result of the incident. Successful hospital evacuation decision making is influenced by community-wide situational awareness and transportation deficits. Planning with the community to create realistic EOPs that accurately reflect available resources and protocols is critical to informing hospital decision making during a crisis. Knowledge of these factors could improve decision making and evacuation practices, potentially reducing evacuation times in future hurricanes.DowneyEL, AndressK, SchultzCH. External factors impacting hospital evacuations caused by Hurricane Rita: the role of situational awareness. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2013;28(3):1-8.

The role of situational awareness in automatic target recognition

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus S. Snorrason ◽  
Thom R. Goodsell ◽  
Camille R. Monnier ◽  
Mark R. Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Target Recognition ◽  
Automatic Target Recognition
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