Manual dexterity task performance efficiency in the open ocean underwater environment

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Hancock ◽  
E. K. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Underwater Environment

Manual Dexterity Task Performance Efficiency in the Open Ocean Underwater Environment

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-378
Author(s):  
P. A. Hancock ◽  
E. K. Milner
Keyword(s):  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Scuba Divers ◽  
Underwater Environment ◽  
Addition Task

Six experienced male SCUBA divers performed a test of manual dexterity in the open ocean underwater environment. Each was timed on the assembly of ten bolt combinations at a shallow (4.6m) and deeper (15.3m) ocean depth. Performance efficiency, as measured by the time to complete the task, declined 25.8% at 4.6m and 36.8% at 15.3m underwater, when compared to equivalent dry land performance. The synthesis of results from the current study and data adduced from previous experimental work concerning manual dexterity underwater, suggests that percentage increase in task completion time is linearly related to the depth of ocean performance. This observation implicates the major role of physical factors in performance decrement with increasing depth and attributes a lesser influence to situational anxiety than has previously been apportioned. In addition, task skill level is identified as a potent interactive variant of performance underwater. The proposed function permits calculation of completion times of simple manual dexterity tasks over the range of ocean depths in which air breathing divers may operate. In consequence, it holds potential importance in setting temporal constraints on performance and safety standards for the submerged operator.

Effect of Glove Liners on Sweat Rate, Comfort, and Psychomotor Task Performance

1988 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna H. Branson ◽  
Lynda Abusamra ◽  
Carolyn Hoener ◽  
Sandra Rice
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Individual Variation ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Manual Dexterity ◽  
Thermal Discomfort ◽  
Protective Gloves ◽  
Perceived Temperature

Military subjects participated in a study to evaluate four glove liners worn beneath chemical protective gloves, with regard to sweating of the hands, manual dexterity performance, and perceived comfort in a moderate thermal environment. Although there was a trend for subjects wearing the standard Army liner to experience the lowest sweat rate, the liner effect was not significant due to individual variation. No liner differences were found for manual dexterity performance, hand skin temperature, perceived temperature, and thermal comfort. Differences by liner were found for tactile descriptors used to assess liner comfort. Skin temperature, perceived temperature, and perceived thermal discomfort increased over the duration of the two-hour test, regardless of the liner worn.

Effects of Concurrent Manual Task Performance on Connected Speech Acoustics in Individuals With Parkinson Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 2099-2117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Whitfield ◽  
Zoe Kriegel ◽  
Adam M. Fullenkamp ◽  
Daryush D. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Task Condition ◽  
Connected Speech ◽  
Speech Acoustics ◽  
Single Task ◽  
Manual Task ◽  
Task Conditions

Purpose Prior investigations suggest that simultaneous performance of more than 1 motor-oriented task may exacerbate speech motor deficits in individuals with Parkinson disease (PD). The purpose of the current investigation was to examine the extent to which performing a low-demand manual task affected the connected speech in individuals with and without PD. Method Individuals with PD and neurologically healthy controls performed speech tasks (reading and extemporaneous speech tasks) and an oscillatory manual task (a counterclockwise circle-drawing task) in isolation (single-task condition) and concurrently (dual-task condition). Results Relative to speech task performance, no changes in speech acoustics were observed for either group when the low-demand motor task was performed with the concurrent reading tasks. Speakers with PD exhibited a significant decrease in pause duration between the single-task (speech only) and dual-task conditions for the extemporaneous speech task, whereas control participants did not exhibit changes in any speech production variable between the single- and dual-task conditions. Conclusions Overall, there were little to no changes in speech production when a low-demand oscillatory motor task was performed with concurrent reading. For the extemporaneous task, however, individuals with PD exhibited significant changes when the speech and manual tasks were performed concurrently, a pattern that was not observed for control speakers. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.8637008

The Influence of Emotionally Relevant Context on the Evoked Cardiac Response Triggered by an Irrelevant Stimulus

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kuniecki ◽  
Robert Barry ◽  
Jan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Auditory Stimulus ◽  
Irrelevant Stimulus ◽  
Cardiac Response ◽  
Mental Task ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Cardiac Deceleration ◽  
Relevant Context ◽  
Stimulus Valence ◽  
Affective Stimulus

Abstract The effect of stimulus valence was examined in the evoked cardiac response (ECR) elicited by the exposition of neutral and negative slides as well as by an innocuous auditory stimulus presented on the affective foregrounds generated by the slides. The exposition of the aversive slide produced prolonged cardiac deceleration in comparison with the neutral slide. Similar prolonged deceleration accompanied exposition of the neutral auditory stimulus on the negative visual foreground in comparison with the neutral foreground. We interpret these results as an autonomic correlate of extended stimulus processing associated with the affective stimulus. The initial deceleration response, covering two or three slower heart beats, may be prolonged for several seconds before HR reaches the baseline level again. In such a case the evoked cardiac deceleration can be functionally divided into two parts: the reflexive bradycardia (ECR1) elicited by neutral stimuli and a late decelerative component (LDC). We can speculate that the latter is associated with an additional voluntary continuation of processing of the stimulus. This must involve some cognitive aspect different from the mental task performance which leads to the accelerative ECR2, and we suggest that processing of a stimulus with negative valence is involved in generating the LDC.

A Latent State-Trait Analysis of Current Achievement Motivation Across Different Tasks of Cognitive Ability

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-327
Author(s):  
Philipp Alexander Freund ◽  
Vanessa Katharina Jaensch ◽  
Franzis Preckel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Fear Of Failure ◽  
Specific Task ◽  
Test Taker ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Ability Tests ◽  
Perceived Challenge

Abstract. The current study investigates the behavior of task-specific, current achievement motivation (CAM: interest in the task, probability of success, perceived challenge, and fear of failure) across a variety of reasoning tasks featuring verbal, numerical, and figural content. CAM is conceptualized as a state-like variable, and in order to assess the relative stability of the four CAM variables across different tasks, latent state trait analyses are conducted. The major findings indicate that the degree of challenge a test taker experiences and the fear of failing a given task appear to be relatively stable regardless of the specific task utilized, whereas interest and probability of success are more directly influenced by task-specific characteristics and demands. Furthermore, task performance is related to task-specific interest and probability of success. We discuss the implications and benefits of these results with regard to the use of cognitive ability tests in general. Importantly, taking motivational differences between test takers into account appears to offer valuable information which helps to explain differences in task performance.

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