Factors Accounting for Racial Disparities in Mortality Among Aging Adults

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Thorpe ◽  
A. Koster ◽  
H. Bosma ◽  
T. B. Harris ◽  
E. M. Simonsick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Aging Adults

Auditory Training to Improve Speech Perception and Self-Efficacy in Aging Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1270-1281
Author(s):  
Leah Fostick ◽  
Riki Taitelbaum-Swead ◽  
Shulamith Kreitler ◽  
Shelly Zokraut ◽  
Miriam Billig
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Temporal Order Judgment ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Intensity Discrimination ◽  
Training Design ◽  
Auditory Temporal Processing ◽  
Temporal Properties ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Aging Adults

Purpose Difficulty in understanding spoken speech is a common complaint among aging adults, even when hearing impairment is absent. Correlational studies point to a relationship between age, auditory temporal processing (ATP), and speech perception but cannot demonstrate causality unlike training studies. In the current study, we test (a) the causal relationship between a spatial–temporal ATP task (temporal order judgment [TOJ]) and speech perception among aging adults using a training design and (b) whether improvement in aging adult speech perception is accompanied by improved self-efficacy. Method Eighty-two participants aged 60–83 years were randomly assigned to a group receiving (a) ATP training (TOJ) over 14 days, (b) non-ATP training (intensity discrimination) over 14 days, or (c) no training. Results The data showed that TOJ training elicited improvement in all speech perception tests, which was accompanied by increased self-efficacy. Neither improvement in speech perception nor self-efficacy was evident following non-ATP training or no training. Conclusions There was no generalization of the improvement resulting from TOJ training to intensity discrimination or generalization of improvement resulting from intensity discrimination training to speech perception. These findings imply that the effect of TOJ training on speech perception is specific and such improvement is not simply the product of generally improved auditory perception. It provides support for the idea that temporal properties of speech are indeed crucial for speech perception. Clinically, the findings suggest that aging adults can be trained to improve their speech perception, specifically through computer-based auditory training, and this may improve perceived self-efficacy.

Sex and Racial Disparities in the Treatment and Outcomes of Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer

Urology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Marinaro ◽  
Alexander Zeymo ◽  
Jillian Egan ◽  
Filipe Carvalho ◽  
Ross Krasnow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer ◽  
Muscle Invasive

342: Racial Disparities in the Surgical Management of Stress Incontinence Among Female Medicare Beneficiaries

2006 ◽  
Vol 175 (4S) ◽  
pp. 112-112
Author(s):  
Jennifer T. Anger ◽  
Mark S. Litwin ◽  
Qin Wang ◽  
Er Chen ◽  
Chris L. Pashos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Surgical Management ◽  
Stress Incontinence ◽  
Medicare Beneficiaries

1548: Racial Disparities in Kidney-Transplant Graft Outcomes, with a Proposal to Improve Graft Success Rates

2005 ◽  
Vol 173 (4S) ◽  
pp. 419-419
Author(s):  
Constance Marks ◽  
Carlumandarlo E.B. Zaramo ◽  
Joan M. Alster ◽  
Charles Modlin
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Graft Success

Teaching physicians-in-training to address racial disparities in health: a hospital-community partnership

2003 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Jacobs ◽  
Claire Kohrman ◽  
Maurice Lemon ◽  
Dennis L Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Community Partnership ◽  
Racial Disparities In Health

Racial Disparities: Understanding Rape Attitudes Among White and Asian Males

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly H. Koo ◽  
Kari A. Stephens ◽  
Kristen Lindgren ◽  
William H. George
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Rape Attitudes
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