The women's health trial and breast cancer prevention

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renee Royak-Schaler
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Breast Cancer Prevention

scholarly journals Future perspectives of selective estrogen receptor modulators used alone and in combination with DHEA

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Labrie
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Breast Cancer Prevention

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed and the second cause of cancer death in women, thus making breast cancer a most feared disease. Since breast cancer metastasizes early and it is unlikely that improvements in the treatment of metastatic disease could permit a cure in most cases in the foreseeable future, it is clear that prevention is essential in order practically to eliminate deaths from breast cancer. Tamoxifen is the only selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) currently registered for use in breast cancer prevention; the tamoxifen versus raloxifene study should indicate the efficacy of this compound compared with raloxifene. The recent benefits of aromatase inhibitors over tamoxifen indicate the advantages of a blockade of estrogens more complete than the one achieved with tamoxifen, a SERM having some estrogenic activity in the mammary gland and an even higher estrogenic action in the uterus. However, it is unlikely that the general estrogen ablation achieved with aromatase inhibitors will be acceptable for the long-term use required for prevention. It is thus important to develop SERMs with highly potent and pure antagonistic activity in the mammary gland and uterus while possessing estrogen-like activity in tissues of particular importance for women’s health, namely the bones and the cardiovascular system. However, it is expected that a SERM alone will not meet all the requirements of women’s health at the postmenopause when ovarian estrogen secretion has ceased and peripheral formation of androgens and estrogens from DHEA by intracrine mechanisms is decreased by 60% or more. One possibility is to combine a SERM with DHEA, a precursor of sex steroids that permits, somewhat like SERMs, tissue-specific formation of androgens and/or estrogens according to the level of expression of the steroidogenic and steroid-inactivating enzymes. DHEA could thus compensate for the important loss of androgens that accompanies aging and could also permit sex steroid formation and action in the brain while breast cancer prevention would be achieved by the SERM.

scholarly journals Women’s health behaviors and selected determinants in breast cancer prevention / Zachowania zdrowotne kobiet i wybrane ich determinanty w profilaktyce raka piersi

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Barbara Ślusarska ◽  
Ewa Łochowska ◽  
Honorata Piasecka ◽  
Katarzyna Szczekala ◽  
Grzegorz Józef Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Clinical Breast Examination ◽  
Breast Cancer Prevention ◽  
Breast Examination ◽  
Clinical Breast

Abstract Introduction. Breast cancer is the most common malignant cancer in women in Poland. Health behaviors concerning lifestyle and breast self-examination (BSE) constitute a significant element of early prevention.Aim. To determine the level of the women’s health behaviors and selected determinants in breast cancer prevention.Material and methods. The study was carried out among 144 female residents of Radom County from March to April, 2014. The diagnostic survey method was applied with an author’s questionnaire compiled for this purpose.Results. The average level of health behavior was presented by 64.6 % of the women while the low level by 32.6 %. The evaluation of awareness of risk factors and breast cancer prevention revealed that 54.9% of the respondents obtained the maximum score. The lowest result equals 19.3 % whereas the highest one is 88.6%. The total of 53.5 % of the females declared embarrassment on clinical breast examination (CBE).Conclusions. A higher level of health behaviors is found in the women with higher education and greater knowledge of breast cancer risk factors. The respondents who experience greater embarrassment during clinical breast examination present a lower level of health behaviors

scholarly journals Breast Cancer Prevention: Time for Change

2021 ◽  
pp. OP.21.00343
Author(s):  
Rowan T. Chlebowski ◽  
Aaron K. Aragaki ◽  
Kathy Pan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Breast Cancer Prevention ◽  
Targeted Agents ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Er Positive ◽  
The Women’S Health Initiative

Agency breast cancer prevention guidelines for other than hereditary cancers have not materially changed in 20 years; endocrine-targeted agents (then, tamoxifen; now, adding raloxifene and aromatase inhibitors) reduce good prognosis estrogen receptor (ER)–positive, progesterone receptor (PR)–positive cancers without reducing deaths from breast cancer. Across three tamoxifen placebo-controlled prevention trials (N = 23,360) begun almost 30 years ago, although there were 226 fewer breast cancer cases, there were nine more deaths from breast cancer in the tamoxifen groups. Following clinical advances, currently more than half of breast cancer cases are solved problems with extremely low risk of death. As endocrine-targeted agents commonly prevent these cancers, widespread implementation of current prevention strategies may not reduce deaths from breast cancer. Compared with other breast cancers, ER-positive, PR-negative cancers and triple-negative cancers have inferior survival (90.6% v 83.8% v 78.1%, respectively; P < .001). Against this background, in the Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification randomized trial (N = 48,835), ER-positive, PR-negative cancers were statistically significantly reduced in the intervention group (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.94) and deaths from breast cancer were reduced 21% ( P = .02). In the Women's Health Initiative randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating conjugated equine estrogen (N = 10,739), ER-positive, PR-negative cancers were statistically significantly reduced in the intervention group (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.74) and deaths from breast cancer were reduced 40% ( P = .04). These findings suggest that reexamination of breast cancer risk reduction strategies and clinical practice is needed.

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