The impact of social defeat on cardiac activity in rats

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sgoifo ◽  
S. F. de Boer ◽  
B. Buwalda ◽  
F. Maes ◽  
J. M. Koolhaas
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Repeated social defeat exaggerates fibrin-rich clot formation in FeCl3-induced arterial thrombosis mouse model by enhancing NETs formation via modulation of neutrophil functional properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Sugimoto ◽  
H Yamada ◽  
H Kubota ◽  
D Miyawaki ◽  
M Saburi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Arterial Injury ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and objective Depression is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have recently shown that repeated social defeat (RSD) precipitates depressive-like behaviors in apoE−/− mice and exaggerates atherosclerosis development by enhancing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. Here, we investigated the impact of RSD on arterial thrombosis. Methods and results Eight-week-old male WT mice were exposed to RSD by housing with a larger CD-1 mouse in a shared home cage. They were subjected to vigorous physical contact daily for 10 consecutive days. Control mice were housed in the same gage without physical contact. After social interaction test to confirm depressive-like behaviors, defeated mice (19 of 31) and control mice (12 of 14) were underwent arterial injury at 10 wks of age. A filter paper saturated with 10% FeCl3 was applied on the adventitial surface of left carotid artery for 3 min and analyzed 3 hrs later. The volume of thrombi was comparable between the two groups. However, fibrinogen/fibrin-positive areas in immunofluorescent images significantly increased in defeated mice (27.8% vs. 48.8%, p<0.01). The number of Ly-6G-positive cells in thrombi was markedly higher in defeated mice (144/mm2 vs. 878/mm2, p<0.05). Further, Ly-6G-positive cells were almost accumulated at the inner surface of injured artery, which were co-localized with neutrophil elastase, Cit-H3, and CD41-positive staining. Treatment with DNase I completely diminished the exaggerated fibrin-rich clot formation in defeated mice to an extent similar to that in control mice (25.7% vs. 22.3%, p = ns), without affecting the volume of thrombi and accumulation of Ly-6G-positive cells. Given that platelet aggregations induced by ADP or collagen were comparable between the two groups, neutrophil functional properties primarily contribute to the exaggerated fibrin-rich clot formation in defeated mice. We then examined neutrophil subset and vulnerability to NETs formation. At 3 hrs after FeCl3 application, the numbers of immature neutrophils (Ly6Glo/+CXCR2-) were comparable between the two groups in both bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). In contrast, the number of PB mature neutrophils (Ly6G+CXCR2+) was markedly higher in defeated mice than control mice (580±68 /μl vs. 1265±114, p<0.01). We next examined in vitro NETs formation upon PMA in BM mature neutrophils by FACS and nucleic acid staining. The percentage of double-positive cells (Cit-H3, MPO) was significantly higher in defeated mice (7.5% vs. 10.2%, p<0.05), as well as SYTOX green-positive cells expelling DNA fibers (8.1% vs. 11.8%, p<0.05). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate for the first time that repeated social defeat enhances fibrin-rich clot formation after arterial injury by enhancing NETs formation via modulation of neutrophil functional properties, suggesting that NETosis could be a new therapeutic target in depression-related CVD development. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals The simultaneous use of Emotional suppression and Situation selection to regulate emotions incrementally favors physiological responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Thuillard ◽  
Elise S. Dan-Glauser
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Emotion Regulation Strategies ◽  
Emotional Suppression ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
Simultaneous Use ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Emotion regulation alters the trajectories of emotional responses and, when effective, transforms the emotional responses to help individuals adapt to their environment. Previous research has mainly focused on the efficiency of regulation strategies performed individually at a given time. Yet, in daily life, it is likely that several strategies are often combined. Thus, we question in this study the combinatorial efficiency of two emotion regulation strategies, Situation selection and Emotional suppression. Methods In a within-subject design, sixty-five participants were asked to implement either no strategy, Situation selection only, Emotional suppression only, or both strategies together (four conditions) while looking at various emotionally charged images. Experience, expressivity, and physiological arousal were recorded throughout the viewing. Repeated-measures ANOVAs and corrected post-hoc tests were used for analyzing the data. Results The results of the combined strategies showed that Emotional suppression canceled the beneficial impact of Situation selection on negative experience, while significantly increasing the impact on cardiac activity. The use of both strategies together had a greater effect on respiratory function with an enhanced decrease in respiratory rate and amplitude. Conclusions The combinatorial effect of emotion regulation strategies is different according to the emotional response that the individual needs to regulate. The simultaneous use of Situation selection and Emotional suppression could be particularly beneficial to relieve physiological symptoms.

Blockade of D3 receptor prevents changes in DAT and D3R expression in the mesolimbic dopaminergic circuit produced by social stress- and cocaine prime-induced reinstatement of cocaine-CPP

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1300-1315
Author(s):  
Rocío Guerrero-Bautista ◽  
Aurelio Franco-García ◽  
Juana M Hidalgo ◽  
Francisco Fernández-Gómez ◽  
M Victoria Milanés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Behavioral Effects ◽  
The Other ◽  
D3 Receptor ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Priming Dose ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

Background: Cocaine may cause persistent changes in the brain, which are more apparent in DA transporter (DAT) and DA receptor availability within the nucleus accumbens (NAc). On the other hand, the DA D3 receptor (D3R) has emerged as a promising pharmacotherapeutic target for substance use disorders. Aims: This study aims to assess the impact of selective D3R antagonism on DAT and D3R after reinstatement of cocaine preference (CPP) induced by an acute session of social defeat stress (SDS) and a cocaine prime in mice after a period of abstinence. Methods: Male mice were conditioned with 25 mg/kg of cocaine for 4 days. After 60 days of extinction training mice were pretreated with the selective D3R antagonist SB-277011A before the re-exposure to a priming dose of cocaine or to a single SDS session. CPP scores were determined and levels of DAT, D3R, phospho Akt (pAkt) and phospho mTOR (pmTOR) were assessed in the NAc shell. Results: An increase in DAT and D3R expression was seen in the NAc after both a cocaine prime- and SDS-induced reinstatement of CPP. Pretreatment with SB-277011A blocked elevated DAT and D3R expression as well as SDS-induced reinstatement. By contrast, the blockade of D3R did not modified the cocaine prime-induced CPP. Changes in DAT and D3R expression do not seem to occur via the canonic pathway involving Akt/mTOR. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the selective D3R antagonist ability to inhibit DAT and D3R up-regulation could represent a possible mechanism for its behavioral effects in cocaine-memories reinstatement induced by social stress.

Unveiling the impact of fibrosis presence in fibrillatory electrograms

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
G R Rios-Munoz ◽  
A M Sanchez De La Nava ◽  
L Gomez-Cid ◽  
L Grigorian-Shamagian ◽  
M E Fernandez-Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Optical Mapping ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Calcium Transient ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Cardiac Cells ◽  
P Value ◽  
Transient Signals ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Complexity and fragmentation presence in atrial fibrillation (AF) electrograms (EGMs) has been extensively studied in the literature, with areas exhibiting complex fractionated atrial electrograms (CFAEs) postulated as responsible for AF maintenance. Computational simulations based on in silico models are widely employed to support AF initiating and maintenance theories. However, they are still limited when trying to mimic the effect of fibrosis in live cardiac cells and its impact in the clinical context, i.e., EGM morphologies in electroanatomical mapping studies. Controlled experiments on cultivated cardiomyocytes and optical mapping signals can better explain the role of fibrosis and its effect on EGM recordings. Purpose To study the effect of fibrosis in fibrillatory scenarios by comparing the temporal and frequency domains of EGMs and Ca2+ transient signals in cardiomyocyte cell cultures. Methods A total of 51 HL1 cardiomyocytes cell line monolayers experiments were cultured until confluence. Optical mapping (OM) was performed to evaluate the electrophysiological activity of the samples through Ca2+ transient quantification under the effect of Rhod2 dye. Activation frequency and calcium transient signals were acquired, and virtual EGMs were calculated from the signals virtually after post-processing the cell cultures at 16 different positions in the culture, see Figure 1A. Results The DF ratio between the OM and the virtual EGMs obtained for the different fibrosis levels are summarized and represented in Figure 1B. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was adjusted for all the samples and the significance level was stablished at p-value<0.01. Conclusions Optical mapping signal morphologies strongly correlate with EGM recordings when a clear dominant frequency (DF) dominates the complete area of the cell culture and no fibrosis is present. However, for patchy distributions of the DF, usually associated with higher concentrations of fibrosis, morphologies do not correlate for increasing fibrosis levels, and DF measurements differ with poor match between EGM-DF and OM-DF. Results on higher fibrotic experiments, i.e., 40–50% fibrosis level, show that DF correlates due to the poor and degraded cardiac activity in the EGMs and optical mapping recordings. The results reveal the importance and impact of fibrosis in the remodeling of atrial tissue and the correct interpretation of endocardial EGMs in the presence of heterogeneous tissue. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaciόn y Universidades

scholarly journals The Effects of Shift Work on Cardiac Dynamics and Job Perception

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Andrea Tokić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Shift Work ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Length Of Service ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Cardiac Dynamics ◽  
Years Of Service ◽  
The Impact

Previous studies have shown negative effects of shift work on health, due to the desynchronization and resynchronization of biological rhythms. In these studies, among other parameters, indicators of cardiac dynamics were used, such as parameters of R-R interval variability, reduction in what has been considered a good predictor of health problems by some authors. The aim of this study was to determine the possible effects of shift work on the parameters of cardiac dynamics and the job perceptions of nurses of different lengths of service. The study included 48 nurses divided in two groups (24 nurses in each) of equal age and length of service. One group worked a three-shift rotation system and the other (control) worked only the day shift. On the basis of length of service, the groups were divided into three comparable subgroups with eight participants: 1–10, 11–20 and 21–30 years of service. Cardiac activity (R-R intervals) was monitored continuously during the morning shift using the Data Logging System. The participants also evaluated their satisfaction with the job, the difficulty of the work, and the impact of working hours on other aspects of life. Analysis of the results showed reduced variability in cardiac activity (DM-index) in the shift workers with up to 20 years of service, as compared with the comparative groups of day workers, which indicates a less favourable health dynamic. Differences among the oldest groups were not found, which can be attributed to spontaneous selection, where shift workers with health problems are transferred to the day shift. The shift workers were less satisfied with their job, assessing it as more difficult than the daytime workers, and showed a greater level of negative impact of working hours on other domains of life. Despite the specific and limited sample, resulting from difficulties in collecting the psychophysiological variables, the results show a satisfactory reliability and point to an adverse job perception and a cardiac dynamic less favourable for health. Keywords: cardiac dynamics, health, job satisfaction, nurses, R-R intervals, shift work

scholarly journals Water Extract of Gastrodia Elate Blume May Ameliorate Subchronic and Mild Social Defeat Stress-induced Behavior Through Gut-brain Axis in Mice (P14-018-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chrystal Choong Le Xin ◽  
Lin Yu-En ◽  
Lu Kuan-Hung ◽  
Suraphan Panyod ◽  
Wu Wei-Kai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Social Defeat Stress ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Gut has been known as the second brain and affects the brain via various pathways such as neurotransmitter modulation. We previously showed that water extract of Gastrodia elate Blume (WGE) exerts antidepression-like effect in forced swimming test. However, the impact of WGE on gut in subchronic and mild social defeat stress (sCSDS) model has not studied. Thus, we investigate the potential gut-brain linked mechanisms of WGE in relieving stress-induced depression-like behaviors which may result from the tryptophan (TRP) metabolism in mice subjected to sCSDS model. Methods C57/BL6J mice were divided into 6 groups: control (CTR), control with antibiotics (CTR + A), sCSDS, sCSDS with WGE (sCSDS + WGE), sCSDS with antibiotics (sCSDS + A) and sCSDS with antibiotics and WGE (sCSDS + A + WGE). Mice were administered 500 mg/kg body weight (BW) of WGE for 30 days and antibiotics by 10 ml/kg BW (0.1 mg/ml amphotericin B for the first 2 days, and then mixed with 5 mg/ml vancomycin, 10 mg/ml neomycin, 10 mg/ml metronidazol and 0.1 mg/ml amphotericin B for the next 28 days by gavage with ampicillin 1 mg/ml in drinking water), otherwise the sCSDS paradigm for 10 days, exclude the CTR groups. A social interaction test was conducted to assess the antidepression-like effects, while serum corticosterone (CORT) was tested as a stress indicator. Brain was isolated to dissect the TRP metabolism by using high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). Results WGE significantly reversed the depression-like phenotypes, such as BW loss, social avoidance and stress index, serum CORT induced by sCSDS (P < 0.05). Whereas antibiotics administration elevated BW (P < 0.05). Treatment with antibiotics and WGE significantly increased social avoidance (P < 0.05). HPLC-ECD indicated WGE slightly normalized the 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA)/serotonin (5-HT) ratio, while antibiotics significantly decreased it, also significantly increased 5-HT and 5-HT/TRP ratio in prefrontal cortex (P < 0.05). In general, high levels of 5-HT in brain induced by sCSDS with antibiotics may linked to aggression, while WGE treatment reverse it. Conclusions The antidepression-like effects of WGE might be mediated by the regulation of TRP metabolism in gut-brain axis suggested to be a potential pathway to prevent depression. Funding Sources N/A. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

P740Repeated social defeat exaggerates fibrin-rich clot formation in FeCl3-induced arterial thrombosis mice model by enhancing NETs formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T Sugimoto ◽  
H Yamada ◽  
H Kubota ◽  
D Miyawaki ◽  
S Motoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Arterial Injury ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Atherosclerosis Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and objective Depression is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have recently shown that repeated social defeat (RSD) precipitates depressive-like behaviorsin apoE−/− mice and exaggerates atherosclerosis development by enhancing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation (BBRC 2018; 500:490). Here, we investigated the impact of RSD on arterial thrombosis. Methods and results Eight-week-old male WT mice were exposed to RSDby housing with a larger CD-1 mouse in a shared home cage. They were subjected to vigorous physical contact daily for 10 consecutive days. Control mice were housed in the same gage without physical contact. After social interaction testto confirm depressive-like behaviors, defeated mice (19 of 31) and control mice (12 of 14) were underwent arterial injury at 10 wks of age. A filter paper saturated with 10% FeCl3was applied on the adventitial surface of left carotid artery for 3 min and analyzed 3 hrs later. The volume of thrombi calculated by summing8–15 frozen cross-sectional images, each separated by 200 μm, was comparable between the 2 groups. However, fibrinogen/fibrin-positive areas in immunofluorescent images were significantly increased in defeated mice (27.8% vs. 48.8%, Control vs. Defeat, P<0.01).The numberof Ly-6G-positive cells in thrombi was markedly higher in defeated mice (144/mm2 vs. 878/mm2, Control vs. Defeat, P<0.05). Further, Ly-6G-positive cells were almost accumulated at the inner surface of injured artery, which were co-localized with neutrophil elastase, Cit-H3, and CD41-positive staining. Treatment with DNase Icompletely diminished the exaggerated fibrin-rich clot formation in defeated miceto a similar extent of control mice (25.7% vs. 22.3%, Control vs. Defeat, P= NS), while the volume of thrombi and number of Ly-6G-positive cells in thrombi were comparable between the 2 groups even afterDNase I treatment. Platelet aggregations induced by ADP or collagen were comparable between the 2 groups, suggesting that NETs formation primarily contributes to the exaggerated fibrin-rich clot formation in defeated mice. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate for the first time that repeated social defeat enhances fibrin-rich clot formation after arterial injury by enhancing NETs formation, suggesting that NETosis could be a new therapeutic target in depression-related CVD development.

scholarly journals The Impact of Murmur’s Severity on the Cardiac Variability

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
S.M Debbal
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Heart Activity ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Heart Murmurs ◽  
Effective Factor ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Cardiac Variability ◽  
The Impact

Phonocardiogram (PCG) signal is one of the useful approach to explore cardiac activity, and extract many features to help researchers to develop technic that may serve medical stuff to the diagnosis of several cardiac diseases. For people when it comes to a heart activity problem it is a serious health matter that need special care. In this paper, the importance is given to heart murmurs to highlight their impact. Heart murmurs are very common disease in world and depend on their severity they could be life-threatening point; therefore, the purpose of this paper is focused on three essential steps: first is to design an algorithm to extract only heart murmurs from a pathological phonocardiogram signal (PCG) as a basic background to the whole work. Than calculate their severity based on energy ratio (ER) which is recommended by recent studies as an effective factor, in order to classify them to mild, medium and severe murmurs. In other hand, this classification will served to study the impact of severity of systolic and diastolic murmurs on cardiac variability, which is very important indicator on general health of human body. This study is done on consider number of patients and its reveal on very interesting results.

Abstract 14458: Repeated Social Defeat Exaggerates Fibrin-rich Clot Formation in Fecl3 Induced Arterial Thrombosis Mice Model by Enhancing Nets Formation

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Sugimoto ◽  
Hiroyuki Yamada ◽  
Hiroshi Kubota ◽  
Daisuke Miyawaki ◽  
Noriyuki Wakana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Thrombosis ◽  
Flow Cytometric Analysis ◽  
Social Defeat ◽  
Arterial Injury ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Clot Formation ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
The Impact

Background and Objective: Depression is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We have recently shown that repeated social defeat (RSD) exaggerates atherosclerosis development by enhancing neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation. Here, we investigated the impact of RSD on arterial thrombosis. Methods and Results: Eight-week-old male WT mice were exposed to RSD by housing with a larger CD-1 mouse in a shared home cage. They were subjected to vigorous physical contact daily for 10 consecutive days. Control mice were housed in the same gage without physical contact. After social interaction test to confirm depressive-like behaviors, defeated mice (19 of 31) and control mice (12 of 14) were underwent arterial injury at 10 wks of age. A filter paper saturated with 10% FeCl3 was applied on the adventitial surface of left carotid artery for 3 min and analyzed 3 hrs later. The volume of thrombi was comparable between the two groups. However, fibrinogen/fibrin-positive areas in immunofluorescent images significantly increased in defeated mice (48.8% vs. 27.8%, p < 0.01). The number of Ly-6G-positive cells in thrombi was markedly higher in defeated mice (878/mm2 vs. 144/mm2, p < 0.05). Further, Ly-6G-positive cells were co-localized with neutrophil elastase, Cit-H3, and CD42b-positive staining. Percentage of CD42b-positive area in thrombi and in vitro platelets aggregations induced by ADP or collagen were comparable between the two groups. Treatment with DNase I completely diminished the exaggerated fibrin-rich clot formation in defeated mice to an extent similar to that in control mice (22.3% vs. 25.7%, p = ns), although the number of Ly-6G-positive cells in thrombi was not affected. We therefore examined the vulnerability to NETs formation induced by thrombin-activated platelets. Flow cytometric analysis showed that in vitro NETs formation assessed by Cit-H3/MPO double-positive cells was significantly higher in defeated mice (20.7% vs 12.5%, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that RSD enhances fibrin-rich clot formation after arterial injury by enhancing NETs formation via platelet-neutrophil interactions, suggesting that NETosis could be a new therapeutic target in depression-related CVD development.

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