Prenatal tobacco smoke exposure as a risk factor for psychosocial maladjustment: Is there a neural link?

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul L. Gendreau
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Psychosocial Maladjustment

scholarly journals Analysis and evaluation of environmental tobacco smoke exposure as a risk factor for chronic cough

Cough ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix Groneberg-Kloft ◽  
Wojciech Feleszko ◽  
Quoc Dinh ◽  
Anke van Mark ◽  
Elke Brinkmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Chronic Cough ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation

scholarly journals The Effects of Tobacco Smoking, and Prenatal Tobacco Smoke Exposure, on Risk of Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby Hunter ◽  
Rachael Murray ◽  
Laura Asher ◽  
Jo Leonardi-Bee
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background The association between cigarette smoking and schizophrenia is well established. However, up to 90% of people with schizophrenia begin smoking before the onset of their illness; thus, smoking could be an independent risk factor for schizophrenia. Prenatal exposure to maternal cigarette smoke is also associated with psychiatric problems in adolescence. Therefore, our aim was to undertake a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effect of smoking, and prenatal smoke exposure, on risk of schizophrenia. Method We systematically searched Medline, EMBASE, PsychInfo, Maternity and Infant Care, and Web of Science (from inception to February 2018) to identify comparative observational studies of the risk of schizophrenia in relation to smoking status. Measures of relative risk (RR) were pooled in a meta-analysis with 95% confidence intervals (CI), using random effects model. Results Twelve studies (9 cohort, 3 case-control) were included. Odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) were pooled together to estimate pooled relative risks and estimates combined in a meta-analysis on an assumption of constant risk over time. Smokers had a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia compared with nonsmokers (RR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.10% to 3.61%, I2 = 97%, 5 studies). Exposure to prenatal smoke increased the risk of schizophrenia by 29% (95% CI = 1.10% to 1.51%, I2 = 71%, 7 studies). Sensitivity analyses identified no significant differences between the results from studies reporting OR and hazard ratio. Conclusions Our findings suggest smoking, and prenatal smoke exposure, may be an independent risk factor for schizophrenia. Care should be taken when inferring causation, given the observational nature of the studies. Implications In this meta-analysis of 12 studies, smokers had a significantly increased risk of schizophrenia compared with nonsmokers. Exposure to prenatal tobacco smoke also increased the risk of schizophrenia by 29% compared with those with no exposure to prenatal tobacco smoke. Our findings suggest that smoking, and prenatal tobacco smoke exposure, may be independent risk factors for schizophrenia. These results may have important public health implications for decreasing the incidence of schizophrenia. The possibility of a causal link between smoking and schizophrenia warrants further investigation.

Smoking is a major preventable risk factor for multiple sclerosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1021-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Hedström ◽  
T Olsson ◽  
L Alfredsson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Passive Smoking ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Preventable Risk Factor ◽  
The Impact

Background: Both smoking and exposure to passive smoking have repeatedly been associated with increased multiple sclerosis (MS) risk, but have never before been studied together. We assessed the public health impact of these factors. Methods: In a Swedish population-based case-control study (2455 cases, 5336 controls), we calculated odds ratios of developing MS associated with different categories of tobacco smoke exposure, together with 95% confidence intervals, by using logistic regression. The excess proportion of cases attributable to smoking and passive smoking was calculated as a percentage. Results: Both smoking and exposure to passive smoking contribute to MS risk in a dose-dependent manner. At the population level, 20.4% of all cases were attributable to smoke exposure. Among subjects carrying the genetic risk factor HLA-DRB1*15 but lacking HLA-A*02, 41% of the MS cases were attributable to smoking. Conclusions: From a public health perspective, the impact of smoking and passive smoking on MS risk is considerable. Preventive measures in order to reduce tobacco smoke exposure are, therefore, essential. In particular, individuals with a history of MS in the family should be informed regarding the impact of smoking on the risk of MS, and the importance of preventing their children from being exposed to passive smoke.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document