Symposium 1: Benefits of simulation for decision-making in sport: Decision field theory explain individual risk-taking behavior and simulation data in sports

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Raab ◽  
Joe Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
Decision Field Theory ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Sexual Coercion in the College Population: A Form of Risk-Taking Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (23-24) ◽  
pp. 5276-5291
Author(s):  
Alisa R. Garner ◽  
Laura C. Spiller ◽  
Patrick Williams
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sexual Coercion ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Outcome Expectation ◽  
College Population ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Reckless Behavior ◽  
Decision Making Model ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a decision-making model of risk-taking behavior, specifically impulsivity, positive and negative outcome expectation, and sensation seeking, can be extended to motivation for perpetration of sexual coercion. Participants included 276 sexually active college students between the ages of 18 and 25 years old who completed a set of questionnaires: (a) Sexual Experiences Survey, (b) Sensation Seeking Scales, (c) Cognitive Appraisal of Risky Events, (d) Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, and (e) Reckless Behavior Questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to examine the relationship between these decision-making models and sexually coercive behaviors. General risk-taking behaviors were positively correlated with acts of sexual coercion, r = .16, p < .01. The predictor variables accounted for a significant amount of the variance in sexual coercion, R2 = .11, F(4, 246) = 7.57, p < .01. Only sensation seeking contributed unique variance to our model of sexual coercion, β = .27, t = 4.06, p < .01. Interventions to reduce sexual coercion may be more successful if they target those high in risk-taking. Similarly, prevention efforts informed by research on how to engage and hold the attention of sensation seeking youth may be more successful.

scholarly journals Modernizing Conceptions of Valuation and Cognitive-Control Deployment in Adolescent Risk Taking

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy T. Do ◽  
Paul B. Sharp ◽  
Eva H. Telzer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Control System ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Heightened risk taking in adolescence has long been attributed to valuation systems overwhelming the deployment of cognitive control. However, this explanation of why adolescents engage in risk taking is insufficient given increasing evidence that risk-taking behavior can be strategic and involve elevated cognitive control. We argue that applying the expected-value-of-control computational model to adolescent risk taking can clarify under what conditions control is elevated or diminished during risky decision-making. Through this lens, we review research examining when adolescent risk taking might be due to—rather than a failure of—effective cognitive control and suggest compelling ways to test such hypotheses. This effort can resolve when risk taking arises from an immaturity of the control system itself, as opposed to arising from differences in what adolescents value relative to adults. It can also identify promising avenues for channeling cognitive control toward adaptive outcomes in adolescence.

Effects of Type of Payoff and Instructions on Individual Risk-Taking Behavior

1982 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Ettenson ◽  
Richard C. Coughlin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Probability Level ◽  
Real Money ◽  
Real Risk ◽  
Probability Of Success ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

32 subjects were presented 4 items involving decisions either to take a certain amount of money or select a probability level for winning a larger amount. In a 2 × 2 design, subjects either made these decisions hypothetically or actually played out their choices for money. For half of each group, the items described a fixed payoff regardless of the probability level selected, while for the other half there were variable payoffs where the amount won increased as the probability of success decreased. Data indicated that subjects were more conservative when playing for real money with a fixed payoff but not when there was a variable payoff. These results suggest that the presence of conservatism in real risk-taking situations may be a function of the type of payoff.

Decision-making Styles of CSU College Deans: A Case of Managerial Ethics

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
LORAINE SUYU TATTAO
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Middle Managers ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Managerial Ethics ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Organizational Results ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Methods

The decision-making style of Cagayan State University’s middle managers (college deans) is crucial in the process of its development. Thus, this study investigated the decision-making style of the deans and the managerial ethics using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The study included 15 college deans and 229 faculty members. It utilized standardized and self-made questionnaires and interview guide. Results showed that the majority of the deans displayed moderate risk-taking behavior and normative decision-making style. They displayed high risk-taking behavior in loading and promotion; they used thinker decision-making style and beneficence as managerial ethics. The position of the deans is situated in such a way that there is pressure from above (from top management) and from below (subordinates). They are caught in a dilemma on how to bring organizational results or show loyalty to the top officials who designated them and one hand, how to maintain smooth interpersonal relationship with their subordinates.Keywords: Social Science, decision-making style, risk-taking behavior, beneficence, quantitative and qualitative method, Philippines

scholarly journals Travel decision reversals paradox of competitive metro lines: The Equate-to-differentiate Theory Interpretation

2020 ◽  
Vol 308 ◽  
pp. 03007
Author(s):  
Nian Zhang ◽  
Yiyuan Zhang ◽  
Xia Luo
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Preference Reversal ◽  
Preference Reversals ◽  
Psychological Experiment ◽  
Decision Field Theory ◽  
Strategic Process ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Travel Decision ◽  
Theory Interpretation

Based on the equate-to-differentiate theory, this paper studies the paradox of preference reversal and choice reversal in traffic decision-making in parallel sections of Chengdu Metro Line No.2 and No.4. Travel decision reversals: preference reversals phenomenon (PRP) and choice reversals phenomenon (CRP) are found in the travel investigation for Chengdu Metro Line No.2 and No.4, and the reversals cannot be well explained by random error. Through experimental design of cautious control, the existence of these phenomena is confirmed. This paper establishes the judgment dimension system of option attributes, and designs three groups of psychological experiment in certain, uncertain and risk scenarios. Data analysis shows that PRP and CRP can be explained by the equate-to-differentiate interpretation. The phenomena of reversal are not due to the fact that preference and choice really reverses, but the variable strategic process. The equate-to-differentiate interpretation shows good consistency in the experiments and can predict and explain the preference and choice reversal of travel decision. At last, a comparative analysis which compares the results of the two models of the decision field theory is made and finally the conclusion is obtained.

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