An international and comparative study of motivation profiles among scholar cross-country athletes

We build on neo-institutional theory to examine the manner in which nation-level institutions systematically affect domestic acquisitions—that is, acquisitions involving acquirers and targets from the same country. Specifically, we study in what way premiums are influenced through a set of cognitive, normative, and regulatory forces. In terms of cognitive pressures, we theorize that prior premium decisions of industry peers in the same country influence focal acquisition premiums, since prior premium decisions serve as reference frames for firms. In addition, we posit that normative forces in the form of the national cultural values of uncertainty avoidance, future orientation, and in-group collectivism affect bid premiums, as these factors influence the manner in which firms deal with the uncertainty, payoff time, and merger of groups inherent to acquisitions. Furthermore, we propose that a country’s regulatory pressures through its disclosure requirements influence premiums, since they reduce information asymmetries and affect a firm’s confidence in assessing its potential gains from acquisitions. Using a sample of domestic acquisitions, we find support for several of the hypotheses. Our work offers a cross-country comparative study of how nation-level institutions affect domestic bid premiums and makes theoretical contributions to acquisition premium research and institutional theory.

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Mental health, quality of life, wellbeing, loneliness and use of social media in a time of social distancing during the COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-country comparative study

Journal of Mental Health ◽

10.1080/09638237.2021.1875413 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Amy Østertun Geirdal ◽

Mary Ruffolo ◽

Janni Leung ◽

Hilde Thygesen ◽

Daicia Price ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Mental Health ◽

Social Media ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Social Distancing ◽

Health Quality ◽

Health Quality Of Life ◽

Cross Country ◽

Use Of Social Media

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Dementia and disadvantage in the USA and England: population-based comparative study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045186 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. e045186

Author(s):

Karolos Arapakis ◽

Eric Brunner ◽

Eric French ◽

Jeremy McCauley

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Dementia Prevalence ◽

High Risk Factor ◽

The Usa ◽

Cross Country ◽

The Cross ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

English Longitudinal Study ◽

Income Decile

ObjectivesTo compare dementia prevalence and how it varies by socioeconomic status (SES) across the USA and England.DesignPopulation-based comparative study.SettingNon-Hispanic whites aged over 70 population in the USA and England.ParticipantsData from the Health and Retirement Study and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, which are harmonised, nationally representative panel studies. The sample includes 5330 and 3147 individuals in the USA and England, respectively.Main outcome measuresBetween country differences in age-gender standardised dementia prevalence, across the SES gradient. Dementia prevalence was estimated in each country using an algorithm based on an identical battery of demographic, cognitive and functional measures.ResultsDementia prevalence is higher among the disadvantaged in both countries, with the USA being more unequal according to four measures of SES. Overall prevalence was lower in England at 9.7% (95% CI 8.9% to 10.6%) than the USA at 11.2% (95% CI 10.6% to 11.8%), a difference of 1.4 percentage points (pp) (p=0.0055). Most of the between country difference is driven by the bottom of the SES distribution. In the lowest income decile individuals in the USA had 7.3 pp (p<0.0001) higher prevalence than in England. Once past health factors and education were controlled for, most of the within country inequalities disappeared; however, the cross-country difference in prevalence for those in lowest income decile remained disproportionately high.ConclusionsThere is inequality in dementia prevalence according to income, wealth and education in both the USA and England. England has lower dementia prevalence and a less steep SES gradient. Most of the cross-country difference is concentrated in the lowest SES group, which provides evidence that disadvantage in the USA is a disproportionately high risk factor for dementia.

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