Transference of Excitatory and Inhibitory Conditioning to an Antagonistic Muscle Group

1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delos D. Wickens
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Group ◽  
Inhibitory Conditioning ◽  
Antagonistic Muscle

Movement Analysis of Philippine Folk Dance Itik-itik

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
Pangilinan Math C ◽  
Fontanilla Lyndo V ◽  
Pineda Israel C ◽  
Rocelle E Agtang ◽  
Soriano Ria M ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Folk Dance ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
Dance Teacher ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Dance Movements

The purpose of the study was to describe and analyze the dance movements of the Philippine folk dance Itik-itik. The researchers adopted the movement analysis method similar to that of Mackenzie that involves the (1) description of the actual movements which occur at the joints involved; (2) the plane in which the movement occurs; and (3) the muscles producing the movement (agonist & antagonist). In addition, similar to the study of Martin and Miller, the researchers also had done a mechanical analysis on the lever type involved in the execution of the dance movement in terms of force, axis, and resistance. Results revealed that the prominent dance steps in the Philippine local dance Itik-itik are the (1) running, (2) cross step, slide close, slide close step, (3) heel, close-ball, close arm, (4) step, slide-close, slide, (5) arms extension/flexion, and (6) flapping of the arms. The joints involved are the shoulder and hip muscle which are ball and socket type of joints; and elbow, knee and ankle which are hinge joints. The major muscles involved in the dance for the lower body include the quadriceps, hamstring muscle group, adductor muscle group, calves and gluts. While for the upper body muscles involved are the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, deltoid, trapezius, biceps, and triceps muscles. The type of lever used in performing the dance comprise majority of 1st class and 3rd class levers. By knowing the muscles involved in the dance the dance teacher may be able to devise activities to gradually prepare the prime mover muscles before the actual execution for injury prevention. Thus, the movements in the dance may improve the health and skill related fitness of the performers.

Evaluation of the Clinical Role of Strain Elastography in Patients Diagnosed With Congenital Torticollis

2021 ◽  
pp. 875647932098324
Author(s):  
Elif Özyazici Özkan ◽  
Mehmet Burak Ozkan ◽  
İshak Abdurrahman İsik
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Role ◽  
Congenital Muscular Torticollis ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Strain Elastography ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Muscular Torticollis

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the elasticity of sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) in patients with congenital muscular torticollis (CMT). Methods: In all, 41 patients and 22 controls were included in the study, and the elasticity of the patients’ SCM was measured. Echogenicity, thickness, and strain values of the SCM were also obtained. Results: The thickness and strain values of the SCM were higher in the patient group than in the control group ( P = .02 and P = .15). For median values, there was no difference in echogenicity and strain. In the strain elastography evaluation of the receiver operating curve (ROC) for muscle echogenicity in the isoechoic muscle group, the specificity and sensitivity were determined to be 100% and 22%, respectively, for the area under the curve (AOC) value of 0.558 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.424–0.6686), and the cutoff value was <1.4. In the hyperechoic muscle group, the ROC for AUC values was found to be 0.542 (95% CI, 0.411–0.6686), and the cutoff value was >1.4 with 100% sensitivity and 20.75 specificity. Conclusions: The strain elastography technique can be used in the diagnosis of CMT.

Inhibitory Conditioning Resulting from a Reduction in the Magnitude of Reinforcement

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (3b) ◽  
pp. 163-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Cotton ◽  
Glyn Goodall ◽  
N. J. Mackintosh
Keyword(s):  
Stimulus Control ◽  
Shock Intensity ◽  
Conditioned Suppression ◽  
Summation Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Conditioned Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Conditioning ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
The Difference

Five experiments, all employing conditioned suppression in rats, studied inhibitory conditioning to a stimulus signalling a reduction in shock intensity. Experimental subjects were conditioned to a tone signalling a 1·0 mA shock and to a tone-light compound signalling a 0·4 mA shock. On a summation test in which it alleviated the suppression maintained by a third stimulus also associated with the 1·0 mA shock, the light was established as a conditioned inhibitor. Retardation tests gave ambiguous results: the light was relatively slow to condition when paired, either alone or in conjunction with another stimulus, with the 0·4 mA shock, but the difference from a novel stimulus control group was not significant. Two final experiments found no evidence at all of inhibition on a summation test in which the light was presented in conjunction with a stimulus that had itself been associated with the 0·4 mA shock. The results of these experiments have implications for the question of what animals learn during the course of inhibitory conditioning.

Exploratory studies of inhibitory conditioning in honeybees (Apis mellifera).

1999 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Couvillon ◽  
Christopher D. Ablan ◽  
M. E. Bitterman
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Inhibitory Conditioning

scholarly journals Metabolomic profiling reveals severe skeletal muscle group-specific perturbations of metabolism in aged FBN rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Garvey ◽  
Janis E. Dugle ◽  
Adam D. Kennedy ◽  
Jonathan E. McDunn ◽  
William Kline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling

scholarly journals Muscle Heating With Megapulse II Shortwave Diathermy and ReBound Diathermy

2013 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
David O. Draper ◽  
Amanda R. Hawkes ◽  
A. Wayne Johnson ◽  
Mike T. Diede ◽  
Justin H. Rigby
Keyword(s):  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Tissue Temperature ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Temperature Decay ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscle ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat Thickness ◽  
Shortwave Diathermy

Context: A new continuous diathermy called ReBound recently has been introduced. Its effectiveness as a heating modality is unknown. Objective: To compare the effects of the ReBound diathermy with an established deep-heating diathermy, the Megapulse II pulsed shortwave diathermy, on tissue temperature in the human triceps surae muscle. Design:  Crossover study. Setting: University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Participants included 12 healthy, college-aged volunteers (4 men, 8 women; age = 22.2 ± 2.25 years, calf subcutaneous fat thickness = 7.2 ± 1.9 mm). Intervention(s):  Each modality treatment was applied to the triceps surae muscle group of each participant for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, we removed the modality and recorded temperature decay for 20 minutes. Main Outcome Measure(s): We horizontally inserted an implantable thermocouple into the medial triceps surae muscle to measure intramuscular tissue temperature at 3 cm deep. We measured temperature every 5 minutes during the 30-minute treatment and each minute during the 20-minute temperature decay. Results: Tissue temperature at a depth of 3 cm increased more with Megapulse II than with ReBound diathermy over the course of the treatment (F6,66 = 10.78, P &lt; .001). ReBound diathermy did not produce as much intramuscular heating, leading to a slower heat dissipation rate than the Megapulse II (F20,220 = 28.84, P &lt; .001). Conclusions:  During a 30-minute treatment, the Megapulse II was more effective than ReBound diathermy at increasing deep, intramuscular tissue temperature of the triceps surae muscle group.

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