Effect of Partial Knowledge of Word Meanings on Lexical Decision RTs

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendelyn J. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Partial Knowledge ◽  
Word Meanings

Partial knowledge of word meanings.

1991 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis T. Durso ◽  
Wendelyn J. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Partial Knowledge ◽  
Word Meanings

What do we know when we claim to know nothing? Partial knowledge of word meanings may be ontological, but not hierarchical

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette M. Stein ◽  
Wendelyn J. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Word Learning ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Category Membership ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Partial Knowledge ◽  
Ontological Category ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Ontological Categories ◽  
Low Levels

AbstractTwo studies investigated whether knowledge about ontological category membership exists early in the word learning process—specifically, when words are partially known—and if so, how such knowledge is represented. Participants made decisions about the ontological category membership of words at three levels of knowledge: words they correctly defined (known), words recognized as familiar (frontier), and words mistakenly identified as nonwords (unknown). Accuracy on this task improved as a function of word level. Participants were able to identify the broad ontological categories to which words at all three levels of knowledge belonged, as well as the more specific ontological categories to which the words belonged. Overall, results indicated that knowledge about ontological category membership is available for words at very low levels of knowledge, and that this knowledge does not necessarily follow the strict hierarchical organization some ontological systems are thought to embody (e.g. Keil 1979). Implications for the acquisition and representation of word meanings are discussed.

scholarly journals Recent experience with cognates and interlingual homographs in one language affects subsequent processing in another language

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
EVA D. POORT ◽  
JANE E. WARREN ◽  
JENNIFER M. RODD
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Subsequent Processing ◽  
Word Forms ◽  
Interlingual Homographs

This experiment shows that recent experience in one language influences subsequent processing of the same word-forms in a different language. Dutch–English bilinguals read Dutch sentences containing Dutch–English cognates and interlingual homographs, which were presented again 16 minutes later in isolation in an English lexical decision task. Priming produced faster responses for the cognates but slower responses for the interlingual homographs. These results show that language switching can influence bilingual speakers at the level of individual words, and require models of bilingual word recognition (e.g., BIA+) to allow access to word meanings to be modulated by recent experience.

Partial Knowledge of Word Meanings: Thematic & Taxonomic Representations

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette M. Whitmore ◽  
Wendelyn J. Shore ◽  
Peg Hull Smith ◽  
Elizabeth A. Geiger ◽  
Kelly J. Sisk
Keyword(s):  
Partial Knowledge ◽  
Word Meanings

The ontological nature of partial knowledge of word meanings

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette M. Whitmore ◽  
Wendelyn J. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Partial Knowledge ◽  
Word Meanings

Partial Knowledge of Word Meanings: Thematic and Taxonomic Representations

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannette M. Whitmore ◽  
Wendelyn J. Shore ◽  
Peg Hull Smith
Keyword(s):  
Partial Knowledge ◽  
Word Meanings

scholarly journals Implicit and Explicit Mechanisms of Word Learning in a Narrative Context: An Event-related Potential Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 3181-3196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Batterink ◽  
Helen Neville
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Recognition Performance ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
N400 Effect ◽  
Word Meanings

The vast majority of word meanings are learned simply by extracting them from context rather than by rote memorization or explicit instruction. Although this skill is remarkable, little is known about the brain mechanisms involved. In the present study, ERPs were recorded as participants read stories in which pseudowords were presented multiple times, embedded in consistent, meaningful contexts (referred to as meaning condition, M+) or inconsistent, meaningless contexts (M−). Word learning was then assessed implicitly using a lexical decision task and explicitly through recall and recognition tasks. Overall, during story reading, M− words elicited a larger N400 than M+ words, suggesting that participants were better able to semantically integrate M+ words than M− words throughout the story. In addition, M+ words whose meanings were subsequently correctly recognized and recalled elicited a more positive ERP in a later time window compared with M+ words whose meanings were incorrectly remembered, consistent with the idea that the late positive component is an index of encoding processes. In the lexical decision task, no behavioral or electrophysiological evidence for implicit priming was found for M+ words. In contrast, during the explicit recognition task, M+ words showed a robust N400 effect. The N400 effect was dependent upon recognition performance, such that only correctly recognized M+ words elicited an N400. This pattern of results provides evidence that the explicit representations of word meanings can develop rapidly, whereas implicit representations may require more extensive exposure or more time to emerge.

Interhemispheric transfer evaluation in multiple sclerosis 1The authors would like to thank Claude-Alain Hauert and Christoph Michel for their assistance in the evaluation of motor tapping and Michel Habib for his suggestions and comments. This work was supported by a grant from the Swiss Society of Multiple Sclerosis.

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Ortiz ◽  
Michael Reicherts ◽  
Alan J. Pegna ◽  
Encarni Garran ◽  
Michel Chofflon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Interhemispheric Transfer ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Swiss Society ◽  
Listening Test ◽  
Relapsing Remitting

Patients suffering from Multiple Sclerosis (MS) have frequently been found to suffer from damage to callosal fibers. Investigations have shown that this damage is associated with signs of hemisphere disconnections. The aim of our study was to provide evidence for the first signs of interhemispheric dysfunction in a mildly disabled MS population. Therefore, we explored whether the Interhemispheric Transfer (IT) deficit is multi-modal and sought to differentiate two MS evolution forms, on the basis of an interhemispheric disconnection index. Twenty-two patients with relapsing-remitting form of MS (RRMS) and 14 chronic-progressive (CPMS) were compared with matched controls on four tasks: a tachistoscopic verbal and non-verbal decision task, a dichotic listening test, cross tactile finger localization and motor tapping. No overall impairment was seen. The dichotic listening and lexical decision tasks were the most sensitive to MS. In addition, CPMS patients' IT was more impaired and was related to the severity of neurological impairment. The different sizes of the callosal fibers, which determine their vulnerability, may explain the heterogeneity of transfer through the Corpus Callosum. Therefore, evaluation of IT may be of value as an index of evolution in MS.

Effect of Emotions in a Lexical Decision Task

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Maire ◽  
Renaud Brochard ◽  
Jean-Luc Kop ◽  
Vivien Dioux ◽  
Daniel Zagar
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Attentional Orienting ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Sequence Effect ◽  
Emotion Induction ◽  
Before And After

Abstract. This study measured the effect of emotional states on lexical decision task performance and investigated which underlying components (physiological, attentional orienting, executive, lexical, and/or strategic) are affected. We did this by assessing participants’ performance on a lexical decision task, which they completed before and after an emotional state induction task. The sequence effect, usually produced when participants repeat a task, was significantly smaller in participants who had received one of the three emotion inductions (happiness, sadness, embarrassment) than in control group participants (neutral induction). Using the diffusion model ( Ratcliff, 1978 ) to resolve the data into meaningful parameters that correspond to specific psychological components, we found that emotion induction only modulated the parameter reflecting the physiological and/or attentional orienting components, whereas the executive, lexical, and strategic components were not altered. These results suggest that emotional states have an impact on the low-level mechanisms underlying mental chronometric tasks.

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