The Development of Bilingual Memory: Evidence From Word Translation by Trilinguals

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette M. B. De Groot ◽  
John C. J. Hoeks
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Memory ◽  
Word Translation

The Development of Bilingual Memory: Evidence from Word Translation by Trilinguals

1995 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annette M. B. de Groot ◽  
John C. J. Hoeks
Keyword(s):  
Bilingual Memory ◽  
Word Translation

Masked Translation Priming Effects With Highly Proficient Simultaneous Bilinguals

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Andoni Duñabeitia ◽  
Manuel Perea ◽  
Manuel Carreiras
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Memory Organization ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Bilingual Memory ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Masked Translation Priming

One essential issue for models of bilingual memory organization is to what degree the representation from one of the languages is shared with the other language. In this study, we examine whether there is a symmetrical translation priming effect with highly proficient, simultaneous bilinguals. We conducted a masked priming lexical decision experiment with cognate and noncognate translation equivalents. Results showed a significant masked translation priming effect for both cognates and noncognates, with a greater priming effect for cognates. Furthermore, the magnitude of the translation priming was similar in the two directions. Thus, highly fluent bilinguals do develop symmetrical between-language links, as predicted by the Revised Hierarchical model and the BIA+ model. We examine the implications of these results for models of bilingual memory.

THE TRANSLATION STRATEGIES OF METAPHOR IN THE MAGIC OF THINKING BIG TRANSLATED INTO BAHASA INDONESIA BY DIAN PARAMESTI BAHAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khairani Hayat Situmorang ◽  
I. W. Dirgeyasa ◽  
Zainuddin Zainuddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Translation Strategies ◽  
Source Language ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Dead Metaphor ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Communicative Translation

The research dealt with Metaphor Sentences. The aims of this study were: (1) to find out the translation strategies of metaphors are used in The Magic of Thinking Big and (2) to describe the translation strategies maintain metaphors in The Magic of Thinking Big. The research was conducted by using qualitative design. The data of this study were sentences. The data were collected through documentary technique and the instrument was the documentary sheet. The technique of data analysis was descriptive. The finding of this study revealed that: (1) The metaphor in The magic of Thinking Big were translated by applying six translation strategies, namely: word for word Translation (5.3%) lieral translation (4.3%), faithful translation (57.5%), Free translation (3.2%), communicative translation (30.5%) and discursive creation was found (2.2%). (2) The metaphors are maintained that found in the Magic of Thinking Big are original metaphors turned into another original metaphors, stock metaphors turned into another stock metaphors, adapted metaphors turned into adapted metaphors, dead metaphors turned into dead metaphors, original metaphor turned into stock metaphor, stock metaphor turned into original metaphor, meanwhile, 10 original metaphors and 1 dead metaphor are no longer classified as metaphors. Language has special characteristic that is metaphor sentences, therefore in the case of translating of metaphor sentences in which their concept in unknown for readers, the translator often faces the problems to find out the translation strategies to translate metaphor in a source language (SL) and how the metaphor sentences are maintained in the target language (TL).Keywords : Metaphor, Translation Strategies, Maintain Metaphor

The Translation Problem Types in Translating Indonesia Text to English (A Case Study of Translation Subject of Fifth Semester English Students –UPY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatmiko Sujatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
English Department ◽  
Problem Types ◽  
Translation Technique ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Translation Accuracy ◽  
English Students ◽  
Successful Transfer

This research is entitled “The Translation Problem Types in Translating Indonesia textinto English (A Case Study of Translation Subject of Fifth Semester English Department –UPY) . It is about how Indonesia text is translated into English by English students, toidentify the translation problems, and to identify the problematics of translation technique.This research uses qualitative method to analyze the data. Techniques of analyzing datain this research consist of 3 components, they are (1) reducing the data, (2) explaining thedata, and (3) taking a conclusion. Reducing data is a process of selecting, focusing,simplifying and abstracting the data. Explaining the data is a process of organizinginformation and arranging the complete narration. Taking a conclusion is a process ofdrawing conclusion from the data. The data source of this research are Indonesia text andstudent’s translation.After conducting the research, the research find the data that all respondents havesimilar translation problem types in translating Indonesia text into English. The problems arediction, tenses, no equivalence translation; others have problems of adverb, article, andrelative clause. None of respondents apply other translation technique. They only apply wordper word translation technique. The accuracy of transfer level is adequate level. Only onerespondent have almost completely successful transfer level. Other respondents haveadequate accuracy transfer level. By applying the untrue translation technique has an impactto translation accuracy transfer level.This research is expected to open wide opportunities and challenges to academicians,especially those in translation linguistics sphere to deepen their research and study, especiallyin translating Indonesia text to English in order to be a new contribution to the translationfields.

Homography and Polysemy as Factors in Bilingual Word Recognition

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Klein ◽  
Estelle Ann Doctor
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Semantic Representation ◽  
Bilingual Memory ◽  
Lexical Decisions ◽  
Interlingual Homographs ◽  
Decision Times

This study reports an experiment which examines semantic representation in lexical decisions as a source of interconnection between words in bilingual memory. Lexical decision times were compared for interlingual polysemes such as HAND which share spelling and meaning in both languages, and interlingual homographs such as KIND which share spelling but not meaning. The main result was faster “response times for polysemes than for interlingual homographs. Current theories of monolingual word recognition and bilingual semantic representation are discussed, and the findings are accommodated within the model of bilingual word recognition proposed by Doctor and Klein.

Introduction: Bilingual Memory Representation

2014 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Jeanette Altarriba ◽  
Roberto R. Heredia
Keyword(s):  
Memory Representation ◽  
Bilingual Memory

scholarly journals Translations of Cicero in Lomonosov’s A Brief Guide to Eloquence

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Original Text ◽  
European Literature ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
The Russian Language

This article examines Mikhail V. Lomonosov’s translation techniques and idiolect in his A Brief Guide to Eloquence (1748), with most of the examples being translated fragments of European literature. A comparison of the translated fragments from Cicero (the author analyses 82 excerpts from the antique orator’s works) with Lomonosov’s own Latin texts makes it possible to see some features of Lomonosov’s translation techniques. Except for the translated fragments included in the textbook on rhetoric, some of Cicero’s works were entirely translated into Russian in the eighteenth century. The author also compares Lomonosov’s translated fragments from Cicero (Cic. Leg. Man., Cat., Arch., Har. resp., etc.) with translations by K. Kondratovich, which were released twenty years after those by Lomonosov. The aim of the research is to show the peculiarities of Lomonosov’s translations, resulting both from the specifics of his translation techniques and the task of these texts as examples of Russian eloquence. The comparative method allows the author to conclude that Lomonosov managed to adequately convey the content and form in his translations and to recreate the style while closely adhering to the original – all this convinced him that the Russian language ‘stands out among all the languages of Europe in its grandeur and richness’. In Lomonosov’s translation techniques, there is a tendency for word-by-word translation and an attempt to preserve the Latin syntax; there is also a noticeable tendency to replace specific ancient culture-specific concepts with modern ones (a principle dating back to humanistic translations into Latin and vulgar languages). The translator’s adherence to the original is of practical importance for historians of literature and allows us to determine when the original text was taken from textbooks on rhetoric.

scholarly journals Using Word Embeddings to Enforce Document-Level Lexical Consistency in Machine Translation

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Martínez Garcia ◽  
Carles Creus ◽  
Cristina España-Bonet ◽  
Lluís Màrquez
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Evaluation Metrics ◽  
Automatic Evaluation ◽  
Word Embeddings ◽  
Standard Document ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Word Translation ◽  
Stochastic Mechanism ◽  
Document Level

Abstract We integrate new mechanisms in a document-level machine translation decoder to improve the lexical consistency of document translations. First, we develop a document-level feature designed to score the lexical consistency of a translation. This feature, which applies to words that have been translated into different forms within the document, uses word embeddings to measure the adequacy of each word translation given its context. Second, we extend the decoder with a new stochastic mechanism that, at translation time, allows to introduce changes in the translation oriented to improve its lexical consistency. We evaluate our system on English–Spanish document translation, and we conduct automatic and manual assessments of its quality. The automatic evaluation metrics, applied mainly at sentence level, do not reflect significant variations. On the contrary, the manual evaluation shows that the system dealing with lexical consistency is preferred over both a standard sentence-level and a standard document-level phrase-based MT systems.

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