Speech Prosody as an Aid to Language Comprehension: The Effects of Aging and Right-Hemisphere Brain Injury

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken J. Hoyte ◽  
Ann Kim ◽  
Hiram Brownell ◽  
Arthur Wingfield
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Language comprehension after brain injury

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connie Shears ◽  
Vanessa Miller
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Language Comprehension

Abstract WP288: Inter-Alpha Inhibitor Proteins Reduce the Presence of Neutrophils and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Positive Neutrophils in Damaged Brain Regions of Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic (HI) Brain Injury

Stroke ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriel Barrios-Anderson ◽  
Xiaodi Chen ◽  
Yow-Pin Lim ◽  
Barbara S Stonestreet
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Metalloproteinase 9

Introduction: Inter-alpha inhibitor proteins (IAIPs) are immunomodulatory proteins that play a significant anti-inflammatory role in hypoxic ischemic (HI) brain injury. We have shown that administering IAIPs after HI improves histopathological brain injury, brain weight, and behavioral outcomes in neonatal rats. Neutrophils are specialized leukocytes known to infiltrate the brain parenchyma and exacerbate neuronal injury after HI. One molecular mechanism by which neutrophils exert damage on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and brain tissue after ischemia is by the release of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), an enzyme that breaks down the extracellular matrices of surrounding cells. Objective: To determine the effect of IAIPs on neutrophil infiltration and release of MMP9 in neonatal rats after HI. Methods: The Vannucci model was used to induce neonatal HI in postnatal day 7 rats that were assigned to a Non-ischemic sham-control group (Sham, n=12), right-sided carotid ligation with exposure to hypoxia (8% oxygen for 90 min) treated with placebo group (PL-HI, n=17), or an IAIP treated group (IAIP-HI, n=17). Rat sex was recorded. IAIP (30 mg/kg) or PL was given intraperitoneally at 0, 24 and 48 h after HI. We removed the rat brain after 72h and performed immunohistochemistry using MPO (neutrophil selective) and MMP9 fluorescent markers. We performed stereological analyses with the StereoInvestigator 10.0 Fractionator probe without knowledge of group assignment to quantify neutrophils and MMP9 positive cells present within the right hemisphere, cortex, corpus callosum, and hippocampus. Results: MPO positive cells were significantly reduced in male IAIP treated rats compared with PL-HI in the overall damaged hemisphere (p<0.01) and the corpus callosum (p<0.05). Further, we observed MPO and MMP9 co-localization, and IAIP treatment reduced the presence of MMP9 positive neutrophils in the cortex of male rats compared to placebo (P<0.05).

scholarly journals The mentalizing network and theory of mind mediate adjustment after childhood traumatic brain injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen R Hoskinson ◽  
Erin D Bigler ◽  
Tracy J Abildskov ◽  
Maureen Dennis ◽  
H Gerry Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Psychosocial Adjustment ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Networks ◽  
The United States ◽  
Severe Tbi

Abstract Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects over 600 000 children per year in the United States. Following TBI, children are vulnerable to deficits in psychosocial adjustment and neurocognition, including social cognition, which persist long-term. They are also susceptible to direct and secondary damage to related brain networks. In this study, we examine whether brain morphometry of the mentalizing network (MN) and theory of mind (ToM; one component of social cognition) mediates the effects of TBI on adjustment. Children with severe TBI (n = 15, Mage = 10.32), complicated mild/moderate TBI (n = 30, Mage = 10.81) and orthopedic injury (OI; n = 42, Mage = 10.65) completed measures of ToM and executive function and underwent MRI; parents rated children’s psychosocial adjustment. Children with severe TBI demonstrated reduced right-hemisphere MN volume, and poorer ToM, vs children with OI. Ordinary least-squares path analysis indicated that right-hemisphere MN volume and ToM mediated the association between severe TBI and adjustment. Parallel analyses substituting the central executive network and executive function were not significant, suggesting some model specificity. Children at greatest risk of poor adjustment after TBI could be identified based in part on neuroimaging of social brain networks and assessment of social cognition and thereby more effectively allocate limited intervention resources.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Caffeine on Motor and Cognitive Outcomes of Penetrating Ballistic-Like Brain Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 291-300
Author(s):  
Sarah S Sanjakdar ◽  
William J Flerlage ◽  
Hyun S Kang ◽  
Douglas A Napier ◽  
Jaqueline R Dougherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Morris Water Maze Task ◽  
Chronic Caffeine ◽  
Caffeine Exposure

Abstract This study assessed the effect of caffeine on neurobehavioral recovery in the WRAIR penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI) model. Unilateral frontal PBBI was produced in the right hemisphere of anesthetized rats at moderate (7%-PBBI) or severe (10%-PBBI) injury levels. Animals were randomly assigned to pretreatment groups: acute caffeine (25 mg/kg CAF gavage, 1 h prior to PBBI), or chronic caffeine (0.25 g/L CAF drinking water, 30 days prior to PBBI). Motor function was evaluated on the rotarod at fixed-speed increments of 10, 15, and 20 RPM. Cognitive performance was evaluated on the Morris water maze. Acute caffeine showed no significant treatment effect on motor or cognitive outcome. Acute caffeine exposure prior to 10%-PBBI resulted in a significantly higher thigmotaxic response compared to vehicle-PBBI groups, which may indicate caffeine exacerbates post-injury anxiety/attention decrements. Results of the chronic caffeine study revealed a significant improvement in motor outcome at 7 and 10 days post-injury in the 7%-PBBI group. However, chronic caffeine exposure significantly increased the latency to locate the platform in the Morris water maze task at all injury levels. Results indicate that chronic caffeine consumption prior to a penetrating TBI may provide moderate beneficial effects to motor recovery, but may worsen the neurocognitive outcome.

scholarly journals Efficacy of spoken word comprehension therapy in patients with chronic aphasia: a cross-over randomised controlled trial with structural imaging

2020 ◽  
pp. jnnp-2020-324256
Author(s):  
Victoria Fleming ◽  
Sonia Brownsett ◽  
Anna Krason ◽  
Maria A Maegli ◽  
Henry Coley-Fisher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Spoken Word ◽  
Word Comprehension ◽  
Spoken Words ◽  
Spoken Language Comprehension

ObjectiveThe efficacy of spoken language comprehension therapies for persons with aphasia remains equivocal. We investigated the efficacy of a self-led therapy app, ‘Listen-In’, and examined the relation between brain structure and therapy response.MethodsA cross-over randomised repeated measures trial with five testing time points (12-week intervals), conducted at the university or participants' homes, captured baseline (T1), therapy (T2-T4) and maintenance (T5) effects. Participants with chronic poststroke aphasia and spoken language comprehension impairments completed consecutive Listen-In and standard care blocks (both 12 weeks with order randomised). Repeated measures analyses of variance compared change in spoken language comprehension on two co-primary outcomes over therapy versus standard care. Three structural MRI scans (T2-T4) for each participant (subgroup, n=25) were analysed using cross-sectional and longitudinal voxel-based morphometry.ResultsThirty-five participants completed, on average, 85 hours (IQR=70–100) of Listen-In (therapy first, n=18). The first study-specific co-primary outcome (Auditory Comprehension Test (ACT)) showed large and significant improvements for trained spoken words over therapy versus standard care (11%, Cohen’s d=1.12). Gains were largely maintained at 12 and 24 weeks. There were no therapy effects on the second standardised co-primary outcome (Comprehensive Aphasia Test: Spoken Words and Sentences). Change on ACT trained words was associated with volume of pretherapy right hemisphere white matter and post-therapy grey matter tissue density changes in bilateral temporal lobes.ConclusionsIndividuals with chronic aphasia can improve their spoken word comprehension many years after stroke. Results contribute to hemispheric debates implicating the right hemisphere in therapy-driven language recovery. Listen-In will soon be available on GooglePlay.Trial registration numberNCT02540889.

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