The ability to prepare for an attention switch and its generalization across task structure

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gopher ◽  
Lilach Armony
Keyword(s):  
Task Structure ◽  
Attention Switch

Learning from feedback: Effects of task information and task structure

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben R. Newell ◽  
Nicola J. Weston ◽  
Richard Tunney ◽  
David R. Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Task Structure ◽  
Feedback Effects ◽  
And Task

Time Processing and OCPD: How Task Structure Impacts Performance

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan E. Wright ◽  
Deana Davalos ◽  
Carly Yadon ◽  
Kelsey Keener
Keyword(s):  
Task Structure ◽  
Time Processing

A Group Awaiting Death: The Social Systems Perspective on a Naturally Occurring Group Situation

1983 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Starker ◽  
Joan E. Starker
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Systems Theory ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Situation ◽  
Imminent Death

The decline and imminent death of an individual in a hospital's intensive care unit led to the creation of a transient group composed of family and friends. The dynamics of this tragic group are explored using the concepts provided by Social Systems theory. Ambiguity of the task structure and its inherent frustrations, fluidity of leadership and power, and failure of a utopian defense are all discussed as contributors to subsequent dissension and splitting. The social systems perspective provides a useful tool for understanding this naturally occurring group situation.

Division of labor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanish Puranam
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Task Allocation ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Heuristic Approaches ◽  
Object Based ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Task Division ◽  
And Task

Division of labor involves task division and task allocation. An extremely important consequence of task division and allocation is the creation of interdependence between agents. In fact, division of labor can be seen as a process that converts interdependence between tasks into interdependence between agents. While there are many ways in which the task structure can be chunked and divided among agents, two important heuristic approaches involve division of labor by activity vs. object. I show that a choice between these two forms of division of labor only arises when the task structure is non-decomposable, but the product itself is decomposable. When the choice arises, a key criterion for selection between activity vs. object-based division of labor is the gain from specialization relative to the gain from customization.

scholarly journals Effects of stimulus and task structure on temporal perceptual learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rannie Xu ◽  
Russell M. Church ◽  
Yuka Sasaki ◽  
Takeo Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Comparison Task ◽  
Interval Representation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Temporal Intervals ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Temporal Learning ◽  
And Task

AbstractOur ability to discriminate temporal intervals can be improved with practice. This learning is generally thought to reflect an enhancement in the representation of a trained interval, which leads to interval-specific improvements in temporal discrimination. In the present study, we asked whether temporal learning is further constrained by context-specific factors dictated through the trained stimulus and task structure. Two groups of participants were trained using a single-interval auditory discrimination task over 5 days. Training intervals were either one of eight predetermined values (FI group), or random from trial to trial (RI group). Before and after the training period, we measured discrimination performance using an untrained two-interval temporal comparison task. Our results revealed a selective improvement in the FI group, but not the RI group. However, this learning did not generalize between the trained and untrained tasks. These results highlight the sensitivity of TPL to stimulus and task structure, suggesting that mechanisms of temporal learning rely on processes beyond changes in interval representation.

Does Task Structure Moderate the Relationship of Leaders' Behavior and Employees' Satisfaction?

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 611-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliahu Levanoni ◽  
Robert Knoop
Keyword(s):  
Student Teachers ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Goal Theory ◽  
College Instructors ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
Employees Satisfaction ◽  
Job Diagnostic Survey ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the moderator effect of various task dimensions on the form of the relationship between leaders' behavior and employees' satisfaction with supervision and with the jobs, as postulated by path-goal theory of leadership. Data were collected from five groups of educators: 978 public school teachers, 976 high school teachers, 186 community college instructors, 191 university professors, and 188 student teachers. Instruments included Hackman and Oldham's Job Diagnostic Survey, Stogdill's LBDQ, Form 12, Hoppock's Job Satisfaction Scale, Aiken and Hage's global measure of Supervisory Satisfaction. Hierarchical multiple-regression analyses were performed to test specific hypotheses. The results did not support path-goal theory. The findings were discussed, and implications for research were suggested.

Developmental changes in free recall: The interaction of task structure and age

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W Pellegrino ◽  
Carla Posnansky ◽  
Gregg T Vesonder
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Developmental Changes ◽  
Task Structure

The Effect of Processing Code, Response Modality and Task Difficulty on Dual Task Performance and Subjective Workload in a Manual System

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 847-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yili Liu ◽  
Christopher D. Wickens
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Task Structure ◽  
Time Sharing ◽  
Multiple Resources ◽  
Response Modality ◽  
Dual Task Performance ◽  
Processing Resources ◽  
And Task

We report here the first experiment of a series studying the effect of task structure and difficulty demand on time-sharing performance and workload in both automated and corresponding manual systems. The experimental task involves manual control time-shared with spatial and verbal decisions tasks of two levels of difficulty and two modes of response (voice or manual). The results provide strong evidence that tasks and processes competing for common processing resources are time shared less effectively and have higher workload than tasks competing for separate resources. Subjective measures and the structure of multiple resources are used in conjunction to predict dual task performance. The evidence comes from both single task and from dual task performance.

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