Aging and source monitoring: Neuropsychological correlates of cognitive processes

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Henkel ◽  
Marcia K. Johnson ◽  
Doreen M. de Leonardis
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Neuropsychological Correlates

Aging and source monitoring: Cognitive processes and neuropsychological correlates.

1998 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda A. Henkel ◽  
Marcia K. Johnson ◽  
Doreen M. De Leonardis
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Neuropsychological Correlates

A Hierarchy of Multinomial Models for Multidimensional Source Monitoring

Methodology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Meiser
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Source Information ◽  
Model Comparisons ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
Multinomial Processing Tree ◽  
Multinomial Models ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
Statistical Framework ◽  
Tree Models

Abstract. Several models have been proposed for the measurement of cognitive processes in source monitoring. They are specified within the statistical framework of multinomial processing tree models and differ in their assumptions on the storage and retrieval of multidimensional source information. In the present article, a hierarchical relationship is demonstrated between multinomial models for crossed source information ( Meiser & Bröder, 2002 ), for partial source memory ( Dodson, Holland, & Shimamura, 1998 ) and for several sources ( Batchelder, Hu, & Riefer, 1994 ). The hierarchical relationship allows model comparisons and facilitates the specification of identifiability conditions. Conditions for global identifiability are discussed, and model comparisons are illustrated by reanalyses and by a new experiment on the storage and retrieval of multidimensional source information.

Psychopathological and neuropsychological correlates of source monitoring impairment in schizophrenia

2007 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Anselmetti ◽  
Roberto Cavallaro ◽  
Margherita Bechi ◽  
Sarah Monica Angelone ◽  
Elena Ermoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Neuropsychological Correlates

Measuring Source Memory

2007 ◽  
Vol 215 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arndt Bröder ◽  
Thorsten Meiser
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Source Memory ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Memory Item ◽  
Item Memory ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Multinomial Models ◽  
Monitoring Process ◽  
Measurement Tools ◽  
Review Model

Abstract. The investigation of source monitoring (SM) as a special faculty of episodic memory has gained much attention in recent years. However, several measures of source memory have been used in research practice that show empirical and theoretical shortcomings: First, they often confound various cognitive processes like source memory, item memory and response bias, and second, they do not do justice to the multitude of processes involved in SM according to the framework of Johnson, Hashtroudi, and Lindsay (1993) . We therefore review model-based measurement approaches, focusing on multinomial models, and we distinguish between theorizing about source memory and the pragmatics of source memory measurement as two partly separate goals of research. Whereas signal detection models seem to be more adequate theories of the underlying source monitoring process, multinomial models have some pragmatic advantages that nevertheless recommend them as viable measurement tools.

Neuropsychological Correlates of Suicidal behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (04) ◽  
pp. 221-226
Author(s):  
M. Jandl ◽  
W. P. Kaschka ◽  
S. Hodgkinson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Cognitive Neuropsychology ◽  
Speech Pattern ◽  
Neuropsychological Correlates ◽  
Cognitive Theories ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Irrational Thoughts

SummaryCognitive theories of suicidal behavior postulate that the behavior of a suicidal individual stems from their irrational thoughts about negative and unpleasant events. Cognitive neuropsychology aims to understand how these (aberrant) cognitive processes relate to areas of the brain responsible for memory, speech, pattern recognition and problemsolving. Several neuropsychological correlates of suicidal behavior have been identified and a battery of neuropsychological tests have been used to compare individuals exhibiting suicidal behavior with those that do not. Drawing on the available research literature, we ask whether suicidal behavior has a distinct neuropsychological ‘signature’ and if so, what this signature tells us about its aetiology.

scholarly journals Source monitoring for actions in adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS)

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 811-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Debbané ◽  
M. Van der Linden ◽  
B. Glaser ◽  
S. Eliez
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Neurogenetic Disease ◽  
Mental Events

BackgroundSource monitoring consists in identifying the origin of mental events. Recent research suggests that confusions over internally generated mental events may represent a cognitive marker for increased proneness to psychotic symptoms and disorders. We have examined source monitoring for actions in adolescents with the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS), a neurogenetic disease associated with high rates of schizophrenia during adulthood, and expected to observe source monitoring deficits in comparison to IQ-matched and typically developing controls.MethodEighteen adolescents with 22q11DS, 17 adolescents matched for age and IQ, and also 17 adolescents matched for age participated in this study. Our adapted action monitoring paradigm asked subjects to visualize a series of actions in three different conditions: (1) visualize themselves performing the action; (2) visualize the experimenter performing the action; or (3) simply repeat the action statements without visualization of the action performer.ResultsThe adolescents with 22q11DS performed adequately in terms of recognition (hits), but in comparison to both control groups, they committed more source confusions on correctly recognized items. Further examination revealed that the adolescents were more likely to demonstrate confusions between exterior sources in which the self was not involved.ConclusionsSource monitoring deficits can be observed in adolescents with 22q11DS, a syndrome putting them at high risk for developing schizophrenia. These deficits are discussed in terms of early cognitive processes associated with genetic risk for schizophrenia.

Evolution's Pedagogy: An Adaptationist Model of Pretense and Entertainment

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Steen ◽  
Stephanie Owens
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Source Monitoring ◽  
Pretend Play ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Optimal Learning ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Play Signals ◽  
Elementary Form ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Simulated Scenario

AbstractThe portrayal of the actions of fictive characters for purposes of entertainment is a familiar phenomenon. Theories that seek to explain why we are attracted to such fictions and whether we learn from them have produced no consensus and no adequate overall account. In this paper, we present the hypothesis that entertainment relies on cognitive adaptations for pretend play. As a simplified model system, we draw on our field study of children's chase play, which is characterized by an elementary form of pretense. The children pretend, at first without consciously representing their pretense, to be chased by predators. The details of this behavior, widespread among mammals, indicate that the biological function of the game may be to train predator-evasion strategies. Chase play, we suggest, evolved in early mammals because it enabled cheap and plentiful resources to be used to train strategies for events that are rare, dangerous, and expensive. More generally, we argue that pretense is used to access spaces of possible actions in order to locate and practice new strategies. It relies on the creation of a simulated scenario and requires sophisticated source monitoring. The simulation is experienced as intrinsically rewarding; boredom is a design feature to motivate the construction of a more appropriate pedagogical situation, while the thrill of play signals optimal learning conditions. The conscious narrative elaboration of chase games involves an elementary form of role play, where we propose a virtual agent is created that tracks and acts on the memories required for coherent action within the simulation. These complex if familiar design features, we suggest, provide a minimalist functional and adaptationist account of the central features of entertainment: that it is fun, that it involves us imaginatively and emotionally, and that it has a tacit pedagogical effect. The model provides a principled and testable account of fiction-based entertainment grounded in evolutionary and cognitive processes.

Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Arceneaux
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
History Of ◽  
Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

A cognitive approach to cumulative technological culture is useful and necessary but only if it also applies to other species

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibaud Gruber
Keyword(s):  
Social Learning ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Technological Culture ◽  
Social Learning Processes

Abstract The debate on cumulative technological culture (CTC) is dominated by social-learning discussions, at the expense of other cognitive processes, leading to flawed circular arguments. I welcome the authors' approach to decouple CTC from social-learning processes without minimizing their impact. Yet, this model will only be informative to understand the evolution of CTC if tested in other cultural species.

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