Modelling neural locations of elementary mental operations

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence M. Parsons ◽  
Peter T. Fox ◽  
Jack L. Lancaster ◽  
Jinhu Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Operations

Do Event-Related Brain Potentials Reflect Mental (Cognitive) Operations?

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Kotchoubey
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Internal Variables ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
External Variables ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Processing Mechanisms

Abstract Most cognitive psychophysiological studies assume (1) that there is a chain of (partially overlapping) cognitive processes (processing stages, mechanisms, operators) leading from stimulus to response, and (2) that components of event-related brain potentials (ERPs) may be regarded as manifestations of these processing stages. What is usually discussed is which particular processing mechanisms are related to some particular component, but not whether such a relationship exists at all. Alternatively, from the point of view of noncognitive (e. g., “naturalistic”) theories of perception ERP components might be conceived of as correlates of extraction of the information from the experimental environment. In a series of experiments, the author attempted to separate these two accounts, i. e., internal variables like mental operations or cognitive parameters versus external variables like information content of stimulation. Whenever this separation could be performed, the latter factor proved to significantly affect ERP amplitudes, whereas the former did not. These data indicate that ERPs cannot be unequivocally linked to processing mechanisms postulated by cognitive models of perception. Therefore, they cannot be regarded as support for these models.

PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF THE COMMON CULTURAL POTENTIAL OF THE COURSE UNIT CONTEMPORARY CONCEPTS OF NATURAL SCIENCE// Academy Journal No.4(16), 2019/ Chief Editor Susan Belih /OEAPS Inc.(Open European Academy of Public Sciences). Tallinn, Estonia. 09.04.2019: OEAPS Inc., 2019. - pp. 15-18

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raisa Nikolaevna Afonina
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Chief Editor ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Professional Competencies ◽  
European Academy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Science Academy ◽  
Mental Operations

The content of the course unit Contemporary Concepts of Natural Science is of great importance in the common cultural and common professional training of a Clinical Psychology specialist. Conceptual bases of the educational process realization of the course unite Contemporary Concepts of Natural Science reflect modern scientific beliefs about its essence, content and specificity. The theory of gradual formation of mental operations and notions is to the most extent appropriate for the formation of common cultural and common professional competencies.

scholarly journals Brain network reconfiguration for narrative and argumentative thought

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangwen Xu ◽  
Lorenzo Vignali ◽  
Olivier Collignon ◽  
Davide Crepaldi ◽  
Roberto Bottini
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Neural System ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Network Reconfiguration ◽  
Intraparietal Sulcus ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Language System ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
Argumentative Texts

AbstractOur brain constructs reality through narrative and argumentative thought. Some hypotheses argue that these two modes of cognitive functioning are irreducible, reflecting distinct mental operations underlain by separate neural bases; Others ascribe both to a unitary neural system dedicated to long-timescale information. We addressed this question by employing inter-subject measures to investigate the stimulus-induced neural responses when participants were listening to narrative and argumentative texts during fMRI. We found that following both kinds of texts enhanced functional couplings within the frontoparietal control system. However, while a narrative specifically implicated the default mode system, an argument specifically induced synchronization between the intraparietal sulcus in the frontoparietal control system and multiple perisylvian areas in the language system. Our findings reconcile the two hypotheses by revealing commonalities and differences between the narrative and the argumentative brain networks, showing how diverse mental activities arise from the segregation and integration of the existing brain systems.

scholarly journals Confidence in perceptual decision-making is preserved in schizophrenia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Faivre ◽  
Matthieu Roger ◽  
Michael Pereira ◽  
Vincent de Gardelle ◽  
Jean-Christophe Vergnaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Discrimination ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Perceptual Decision Making ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Evidence Accumulation ◽  
Narrative Assessment ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractMetacognition is the set of reflexive processes allowing humans to evaluate the accuracy of their mental operations. Deficits in synthetic metacognition have been described in schizophrenia using mostly narrative assessment and linked to several key symptoms. Here, we assessed metacognitive performance by asking individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N=20) and matched healthy participants (N = 21) to perform a visual discrimination task and subsequently report confidence in their performance. Metacognitive performance was defined as the adequacy between visual discrimination performance and confidence. Bayesian analyses revealed equivalent metacognitive performance in the two groups despite a weaker association between confidence and trajectory tracking during task execution among patients. These results were reproduced using a bounded evidence accumulation model which showed similar decisional processes in the two groups. The inability to accurately attune confidence to perceptual decisions in schizophrenia remains to be experimentally demonstrated, along with the way such impairments may underpin functional deficits.

scholarly journals Visualization of the educational process of motor actions and improvement of motor skills

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 00013
Author(s):  
Irina Tikhonova ◽  
Christina Pigida ◽  
Larisa Zhigaylova ◽  
Alexey Bliznuk ◽  
Olga Barcho
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Educational Material ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Training Stage ◽  
Knowledge Formation ◽  
Modern Learning ◽  
Theoretical Reasoning ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
Motor Actions ◽  
Determining Factor

In the modern learning environment visualization takes the leading place in the process of students knowledge formation based on the receiving of the constant information flow. The particular attention in the work is paid to the development and application of the techniques and means of educational material visualization. They allow to visualize perceptual images, ideas, movements, thoughts, theoretical reasoning and constructions as visual clarity. The studying process of motor actions, quality and speed of mental operations in the process of its studying, quality and speed of its reproduction depend on many parameters, characterizing the degree of symmetry-asymmetry development in the forms and functions development. The determining factor in the system of physical education and sports training of students visualization use is the feature of its implementation at each training stage. Means and methods of visualization can be modified according to the content, purpose and form of application.

Symbolizing as a Constructive Activity in a Computer Microworld

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie P. Steffe ◽  
John Olive
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Activity ◽  
Constructivist Teaching ◽  
Guiding Principle ◽  
Computer Microworld ◽  
Mathematical Symbols ◽  
Teaching Episode ◽  
Numeral Systems ◽  
Mental Operations

In the design of computer microworlds as media for children's mathematical action, our basic and guiding principle was to create possible actions children could use to enact their mental operations. These possible actions open pathways for children's mathematical activity that coemerge in the activity. We illustrate this coemergence through a constructivist teaching episode with two children working with the computer microworld TIMA: Bars. During this episode, in which the children took turns to partition a bar into fourths and thirds recursively, the symbolic nature of their partitioning operations became apparent. The children developed their own drawings and numeral systems to further symbolize their symbolic mental operations. The symbolic nature of the children's partitioning operations was crucial in their establishment of more conventional mathematical symbols.

Linguistic structures and mental operations

1973 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Glucksberg ◽  
Tom Trabasso ◽  
Jerry Wald
Keyword(s):  
Mental Operations ◽  
Linguistic Structures

How ‘Eternity’ Got ‘Thrown Forward’ Into ‘Perishing’

2020 ◽  
pp. 307-322
Author(s):  
Jude Jones
Keyword(s):  
Relational Value ◽  
Real Value ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
Two Sides

Jude Jones argues that eternity haunts Whitehead’s 1924-25 Harvard lectures, a concept which Whitehead claims is explicit in most of our mental operations. In Whitehead’s metaphysics, the entire past is, for any occasion, part of the standing condition of valuative potential out of which that occasion will emerge, the realisation of value in particular, noneternal things or processes which nonetheless have standing value as expressions of and relations to that Eternal. But perishing is its necessary mirror; the achievement of relational value requires radical finitude in the form of realised limitation by perpetual perishing in order to be real. Value and grief become two sides of the same coin, a paradox revealing the nature of ecstatic individuation.

Musical Information Beyond Measurement and Computation

2016 ◽  
pp. 100-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Reybrouck
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Perceptual Experience ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Symbolic Play ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Musical Knowledge ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
Music Information

This chapter elaborates on the concepts of music information and information processing by bringing together the fields of computation, cybernetics and the dynamic systems approach. It conceives of music users as autonomous agents that behave as adaptive devices that construct their musical knowledge as the outcome of continuous epistemic interactions with the sonic world. As such, it challenges the classical symbolic-conceptual approach to musical information in terms of static, discrete and objective categories in favor of a trans-classical model that relies on subjective, process-like and non-discrete categories of meaning. In an attempt to go beyond traditional dichotomies, it proposes a hybrid perceptual-conceptual approach that does justice both to the richness and fullness of perceptual experience and the plasticity of mental operations in a kind of symbolic play.

Practical Implementation of Integrative Bilingual Teaching/Learning at a Technical University

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-117
Author(s):  
Eduard Krylov
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Integrative Education ◽  
Bilingual Teaching ◽  
Mental Operations ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Practical Recommendations

The value and importance of the integrative bilingual teaching/learning foreign language and engineering is building bridges between cognition and communication, finding ways for establishing a dynamic balance between them in the mind of an engineering student. This explains the choice of study exercises and activities, related to mental operations and psychological patterns. The chapter discusses the peculiarities of solving problems, other active exercises, and gives some practical recommendations. Here also is the eternal problem of CLIL-like integrative education: How much language? How much content? Concerning language material, it is determined by some basic volume, demand driven by professional duties and interests. All the suggested ideas were tested at a Russian technical university for years. The difficulties, findings, and results of the pilot projects for bachelors and masters are discussed.

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