Group and Individual Level Cultural Influences in Intra- intercultural Negotiation between German and Chinese Negotiators

Utilizing a survey approach, this research set out to explore the reasons for the slow progress in broadband adoption and investigates the factors that may be affecting the adoption of broadband by KSA consumers. Particular emphasis was placed on individual-level factors such as social and cultural influences. The key findings were that the factors with the main influence on attitude towards adoption of broadband were: (1) usefulness, (2) service quality, (3) age, (4) usage, (5) type of connection, and (6) type of accommodation. Contrary to prediction, although socio-cultural factors such as regulation through filtration of broadband were found to have no significant influence on the adoption of broadband, consumers were aware and largely did not like the regulation. The chapter also provides a discussion on research implications, limitations, and future directions.

Download Full-text

Comparing subjective intoxication with risky single-occasion drinking in a European sample

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0241433 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0241433

Author(s):

Carolin Kilian ◽

Jakob Manthey ◽

Jacek Moskalewicz ◽

Emanuele Scafato ◽

Lidia Segura García ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rank Correlation ◽

Cultural Influences ◽

Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽

Alternative Measure ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Harmful Drinking ◽

Individual Level ◽

Additional Information ◽

The Individual ◽

Risky Single Occasion Drinking

In most epidemiological literature, harmful drinking—a drinking pattern recognized as closely linked to alcohol-attributable diseases—is recorded using the measure risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD), which is based on drinking above a certain quantity. In contrast, subjective intoxication (SI) as an alternative measure can provide additional information, including the drinker’s subjective perceptions and cultural influences on alcohol consumption. However, there is a lack of research comparing both. The current article investigates this comparison, using data from the Standardized European Alcohol Survey from 2015. We analysed the data of 12,512 women and 12,516 men from 17 European countries and one region. We calculated survey-weighted prevalence of SI and RSOD and compared them using Spearman rank correlation and regression models. We examined the role of the required quantity of alcohol needed for the drinker to perceive impairments and analysed additional demographic and sociodemographic characteristics as well as drinking patterns. In the most locations, the prevalence of SI was lower or equal to the prevalence of RSOD. Both prevalence estimates were highly correlated. Almost 8% of the variance in the difference between the individual-level frequencies of the SI and RSOD measures was explained by the individual quantity of alcohol needed to perceive impairments. Sociodemographic characteristics and drinking patterns explained less than 20% in the adjusted perceived quantity of alcohol needed. In conclusion, our results indicated that subjective measures of intoxication are not a preferable indicator of harmful drinking to the more conventional measures of RSOD.

Download Full-text

Abstract P309: Social Network Analysis of Religious Organization Co-Affiliation, Exercise, and Weight in South Asians

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p309 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Namratha R Kandula ◽

Kayo Fujimoto ◽

Yucheng Zhao ◽

Alka M Kanaya ◽

John A Schneider ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Influence ◽

South Asians ◽

Cultural Beliefs ◽

Cultural Influences ◽

Religious Organizations ◽

Religious Organization ◽

Network Characteristics ◽

Individual Level ◽

Health Lifestyle ◽

Validated Questionnaire

Objective: Religious organizations may influence health behaviors by exerting social influence and reinforcing cultural beliefs. We tested the hypothesis that social influence, constituted by affiliating with or attending religious organizations, was associated with exercise and weight in South Asians. Methods: Multilevel, cross-sectional data were collected from participants in the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America (MASALA) study. Participants (n=700) were surveyed about their affiliation/membership in religious organizations (e.g., churches, temples, mosques) where South Asians participate using a comprehensive roster. MASALA participants who reported affiliating with or attending the same religious organization were classified as co-attendees. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from measured height and weight, and physical activity (PA) was assessed using a validated questionnaire. The dependent variables were BMI categories (normal and overweight/obese), and meeting the minimum recommended amount of exercise (≥500 metabolic-minutes/week of moderate-vigorous PA). The main independent variable was affiliation exposure, a measure of the level of exposure to overweight/obesity and PA level among co-attendees at religious organizations, which is an indicator of social influence. Exponential random graph models were conducted to examine associations between exposure to co-attendees’ overweight/obesity and PA and individuals’ overweight/obesity and PA. Models controlled for individual-level sociodemographic, cultural, and network characteristics. Results: Participants (average age 59 years, SD=9 and 43% female) affiliated with 163 unique religious organizations, and the median number of affiliations was 3 (IQR 2-7). Participants were significantly more likely to be overweight/obese (aOR=2.3, 95% CI=1.1, 4.8) as they were increasingly exposed to other overweight/obese participants through co-affiliation in religious organizations. Individual-level network characteristics (e.g., number of overweight/obese friends/family) were not associated with overweight/obesity. Co-affiliation in religious organizations was not associated with PA; however participants with less traditional South Asian cultural beliefs were more likely to exercise at least 500 met-min/week (aOR=2.5, 95% CI= 1.4, 4.7) than those who held more traditional cultural beliefs. Conclusion: South Asians who were exposed to other overweight/obese South Asians through co-affiliation in religious organizations were more likely to be overweight/obese. These results provide evidence of multilevel social and cultural influences on health. Lifestyle interventions that address social and cultural drivers of behaviors and are implemented in partnership with religious organizations could be effective at reducing CVD risk in South Asians.

Download Full-text

Why We Remember and What We Remember

Perspectives on Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/1745691610375555 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 401-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

Michael Ross ◽

Qi Wang

Keyword(s):

Autobiographical Memory ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Emotional Regulation ◽

Cultural Influences ◽

Individual Level ◽

Cognitive Schemata ◽

Memory Strategies ◽

Physical Environments ◽

East And West ◽

The Individual

We examine cultural (mainly East and West) differences in the functions and contents of autobiographical memory. We discuss how cultural differences in physical environments, self-views, the motivation to self-enhance, concerns for behavioral and emotional regulation, socialization, and language affect the contents and use of memory. Cultural influences take place at the individual level of cognitive schemata and memory strategies, as well as the interpersonal sphere of daily mnemonic practices and exchanges. Autobiographical memory is categorically cultural.

Download Full-text

Cultural Influences on Environmental Consciousness and Green Environmental Behavior

International Journal of Marketing Studies ◽

10.5539/ijms.v11n1p20 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Bashar S. Gammoh ◽

Sam C. Okoroafo ◽

Anthony C. Koh

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Environmental Behavior ◽

Cultural Influences ◽

Measurement Model ◽

The United States ◽

Cultural Norms ◽

Environmental Consciousness ◽

Individual Level ◽

Study Results ◽

The Individual

This paper focuses on investigating the relationship between culture and green attitudes and environmental behavior across two countries representing societies with different cultural norms. The paper presents a theoretical model suggesting that individual level cultural differences influence consumer’s environmental consciousness which then influence their green consumerism and active ecological Behaviors’. Data was collected using survey research from two countries representing societies with different cultural norms—the United States and India. SmartPLS was used to assess the quality of the measurement model and test the proposed research hypotheses. Although the United States is a society that is generally driven by individualism and mastery orientation, study results indicate that at the individual level people attitudes and behaviors might be influenced by different orientations depending on the consumption situation. Overall, study findings highlight the value in understanding the influence of cultural factors at the individual level and not just at the country level.

Download Full-text

Painful Bodies at Work: Stress and Culture?

Embodiment, Enaction, and Culture ◽

10.7551/mitpress/9780262035552.003.0020 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter Henningsen ◽

Heribert Sattel

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Job Strain ◽

Cultural Influences ◽

The Body ◽

Work Place ◽

Individual Level ◽

Neural Processes ◽

Reward Imbalance ◽

Emic Perspective

This paper presents data on significant cultural influences on pain related psychosocial work place conditions, one of the core issues of psycho-somatic medicine, and discusses consequences for a cultural neuroscience of pain. Chronic pain encompasses the experience of the pain sensation itself and a whole universe of related emotions, thoughts, behaviors and suffering, whilst tissue damage is no necessary precondition for it. A biopsychosocial view on risk factors typically concentrates on the intra-individual level and includes genetic dispositions or injuries, e.g., whilst an embodied approach emphasizing the “body being in the world”, integrating cultural perspectives seems more appropriate. However, recent epidemiological work demonstrated the relevance of group level psychosocial risk factors for chronic pain. Lack of social support at work, injustice, high job strain and effort-reward imbalance are important here. Nevertheless, even these perspectives do not capture all relevant differences: Studies in different societies reveal significant cultural influences, both in an “etic” and in an “emic” perspective. The link between culture and pain involves different aspects. Culturally shaped ways of world-making influence interpretation, labeling and treatment of distress. Now, additional knowledge on the relational biology of pain reveals, how culture determines differences in neural processes underlying emotion and pain experience.

Download Full-text

Illegitimate tasks and occupational outcomes: the impact of vertical collectivism

Evidence-based HRM a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship ◽

10.1108/ebhrm-02-2021-0025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Server Sevil Akyurek ◽

Ozge Can

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Cultural Influences ◽

Well Being ◽

Task Demands ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Content Type ◽

Occupational Outcomes ◽

Individual Level ◽

The Impact

PurposeThis study aims to understand essential work and occupational consequences of employees’ illegitimate task (ILT) experiences (unreasonable and unnecessary task demands) under the influence of vertical collectivist (VC) values.Design/methodology/approachData were collected via a survey from 503 teachers in the Turkish public education sector. The hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling.FindingsFindings of this study reveal that unnecessary tasks decrease employees’ professional identification and perceived occupational prestige, whereas unreasonable tasks weaken their workplace well-being. Results also show that employees with higher VC orientation feel these adverse effects to a lesser extent.Research limitations/implicationsThis study demonstrates that individual-level cultural values play a significant role in understanding task-related dynamics and consequences at the workplace. It brings new theoretical insights to job design and work stress literature regarding what similar factors can mitigate task pressures on employees.Practical implicationsA key practical insight from the findings is that human resources management experts should create a positive task environment where ILT demands are not welcome by analyzing jobs and skill requirements in detail, communicating task decisions regularly with employees and providing them with the necessary work support.Social implicationsUnderstanding the impact of ILT can greatly help to assess the quality of the education system and the value of teaching occupation in society.Originality/valueILT have been mainly discussed without considering the effect of different cultural orientations. This is the first study empirically showing the diverse effects of two ILT dimensions on essential occupational outcomes in connection to individual-level cultural influences.

Download Full-text

Suicide

Men and Masculinities ◽

10.1177/1097184x15613832 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 49-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Silvia Sara Canetto

Keyword(s):

Older Women ◽

Sense Of Self ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cultural Influences ◽

Older Men ◽

The United States ◽

European Descent ◽

Individual Level ◽

Self Consistent ◽

Minority Men

Globally, older adults have higher suicide rates than other age-groups. However, it is predominantly men who die of suicide in late adulthood, with variability by culture. In the United States, European-descent men are overrepresented among suicide decedents. In this article, theories and evidence about aging adversities, individual dispositions, and cultural influences were evaluated for their potential to explain the suicide vulnerability of European-descent older men. Aging adversities were not found to account for these men’s suicide proneness. European-descent older men are exposed to less severe aging adversities than older women or ethnic-minority men—though they may be more impacted by them. Rigidity in coping and in sense of self, consistent with hegemonic-masculinity scripts, emerged as individual-level clues. The indignities-of-aging and the masculinity-of-suicide scripts may be cultural influences. This analysis shows how consideration of masculinities and suicide scripts expands our understanding of older men’s suicide as well as, likely, our tools for its prevention.

Download Full-text

Proportion of Individuals With Past-Year Suicidal Ideation Who Attempted Suicide Over the Past 10 Years in the United States, and the Influence of Age and Sex

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000690 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Shannon Lange ◽

Courtney Bagge ◽

Charlotte Probst ◽

Jürgen Rehm

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Random Effects ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

The United States ◽

Individual Level ◽

The Past ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

Age Category

Abstract. Background: In recent years, the rate of death by suicide has been increasing disproportionately among females and young adults in the United States. Presumably this trend has been mirrored by the proportion of individuals with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. Aim: We aimed to investigate whether the proportion of individuals in the United States with suicidal ideation who attempted suicide differed by age and/or sex, and whether this proportion has increased over time. Method: Individual-level data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), 2008–2017, were used to estimate the year-, age category-, and sex-specific proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide. We then determined whether this proportion differed by age category, sex, and across years using random-effects meta-regression. Overall, age category- and sex-specific proportions across survey years were estimated using random-effects meta-analyses. Results: Although the proportion was found to be significantly higher among females and those aged 18–25 years, it had not significantly increased over the past 10 years. Limitations: Data were self-reported and restricted to past-year suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Conclusion: The increase in the death by suicide rate in the United States over the past 10 years was not mirrored by the proportion of individuals with past-year suicidal ideation who attempted suicide during this period.

Download Full-text