Are you at risk? Perceptions of vulnerability to contagious and non-contagious diseases

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille D. Basilio ◽  
Kelli Byrnes ◽  
Angela G. Pirlott ◽  
Virginia S. Y. Kwan ◽  
Leona S. Aiken
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Contagious Diseases

A Systematic Review of the Factors Affecting the Cyclone Evacuation Decision Process in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nasif Ahsan ◽  
◽  
Kuniyoshi Takeuchi ◽  
Karina Vink ◽  
Miho Ohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Warning Messages

Researchers are investigating a broad spectrum of factors affecting positively and/or negatively the evacuation decision-making process occurring after people at risk receive cyclone warnings and advisories. Previous studies suggest that early warnings themselves do not propagate evacuation processes to be investigated but, rather, that human risk perceptions do so. This in turn encourages the sociopsychological dimensions of risk perception to be evaluated, which must be done within a country’s own cultural context. In applying content analysis here, we review the literature on evacuation decision-making processes during rapidonset hazards, i.e., tropical cyclones, in coastal Bangladesh. We focus on three broad overlapping themes – early warning, risk perception, and evacuation decision-making. Major content-analysis findings suggest that two things – a lack of credibility in early warning messages and an inefficient dissemination process – tend to affect the risk perception of people at risk and are likely to eventually determine the success of evacuation decision-making. Findings also show that different socioeconomic and socio-cultural issues related to risk perception appear to be more influential than formal warning messages in propagating decisions to evacuate during a cyclone. Based on these results, we suggest specific policy recommendations for improving local evacuation efficiency.

Understanding evacuation preferences and wildfire mitigations among Northwest Montana residents

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Paveglio ◽  
Tony Prato ◽  
Douglas Dalenberg ◽  
Tyron Venn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vegetation Management ◽  
Fuel Reduction ◽  
Insufficient Information ◽  
Management Behaviour ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Part Time

There is currently insufficient information in the United States about residents’ planned evacuation actions during wildfire events, including any intent to remain at or near home during fire events. This is incompatible with growing evidence that select populations at risk from wildfire are considering alternatives to evacuation. This study explores the evacuation preferences of wildland–urban interface residents in Flathead County, Montana, USA. We compare the performance of wildfire mitigation and fuel reduction actions across groups of residents with different primary evacuation preferences. We also explore what factors (e.g. actions, demographics, attitudes towards government, risk perceptions) help explain residents’ preferences for evacuation. Results suggest that relatively high proportions of residents are interested in staying and defending their homes, with smaller proportions favouring evacuation or passively sheltering in their homes during wildfire. Vegetation management behaviour differs significantly among residents with different evacuation preferences, including significantly higher rates of forest thinning among those intending to remain at home and actively defend their residence. Other results suggest that sex, part-time residency, income and attitudes towards loss from fire are statistically associated with differences in evacuation preferences.

Understanding framings and perceptions of spillover

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 396-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Tweneboah Lawson ◽  
Fidelia Ohemeng ◽  
Jesse Ayivor ◽  
Melissa Leach ◽  
Linda Waldman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Intrinsic Value ◽  
Communication Strategies ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Content Type

Purpose Bats provide many ecosystem services and have intrinsic value. They also act as host reservoirs for some viruses. Several studies have linked zoonotic diseases to bats, raising questions about the risks bats pose, especially to people living close to bat roosts. Through a series of case studies undertaken in three communities, the purpose of this paper is to explore the various ways in which framings and perceptions of bats can influence a potential spillover of bat-borne viruses to humans in Ghana. It assesses the social, cultural and economic factors that drive human-bat interactions and posits that understanding the socio-economic contexts in which human-bat interactions occur is key to the success of future communication strategies. Design/methodology/approach Primary data collection methods included participatory landscape mappings, transect walks, focus group discussions and questionnaire surveys. Findings Perceptions of bats vary and are influenced by personal beliefs, the perceived economic benefits derived from bats and the location of bat roosts. Activities that put people at risk include bat hunting, butchering and consumption of poorly prepared bat meat. Those who live and work close to bat roosts, and bat hunters, for example, are more at risk of bat-borne zoonotic disease spillover. Disease risk perceptions were generally low, with high levels of uncertainty, indicating the need for clearer information about personal protective practices. Originality/value The results of the study may well inform future risk communication strategies as well as help in developing effective responses to zoonotic disease risk, disease outbreaks and the conservation of bats in communities.

scholarly journals Alternatives to animal disposal including the use of foresight technology and agri-intelligence, Norman G. Willis (Ed.) : book review

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M-L. Penrith
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Conventional Approach ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Outbreak Control ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Large Numbers

The conventional approach to control of outbreaks of serious animal diseases by massive destruction of animals is increasingly being questioned. While this approach has been reasonably successful in achieving outbreak control, intensification of animal production has resulted in ever larger numbers of animals having to be destroyed in as short a period of time as possible. In order to control highly contagious diseases, the culling involves not only infected and in-contact herds but at-risk herds within a defined area, which results in the destruction of large numbers of healthy animals.

scholarly journals RISK PERCEPTION AND VULNERABILITY OF VALUE: A STUDY IN THE CONTEXT OF COMMERCIAL PROPERTY SECTOR

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata BHATTACHARYA-MIS ◽  
Jessica LAMOND
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Commercial Property ◽  
Vulnerability Model ◽  
Strategic Impact ◽  
Business Property ◽  
Flood Experience ◽  
The Impact

The research was developed linking the impact of flood risk on utility, desirability and marketability related to vulnerability of commercial property value. Likert style questionnaire survey was conducted to obtain data from flood affected and un-affected respondents across different designated flood risk zones on key business and perception variables among two groups of business property holders in England. The responses were analysed through a spatial vulnerability model to illustrate the distribution of the vulnerability of value of properties among flood plain business holders on a GIS platform. Majority of respondents perceived that utility of properties may be hampered by flooding and subsequently have an impact on value for property at risk. Those with flood experience gave greater weight to their specific business needs such as the prime location and expected income level than those without flood experience. The implication of the study lies in understanding that flood risk perceptions can shape actions of people at risk towards future increase in resilience having strategic impact on value of property saleability in the future.

Adolescents and HIV: Knowledge, Behaviors, Influences, and Risk Perceptions

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice C. Facente
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Gaining Insight

Although the rate of progression from HIV to AIDS has slowed, the incidence of HIV infection has continued to rise. Many teenagers are knowledgeable about the risks and consequences of HIV, yet a large percentage do not perceive that they are personally at risk. Gaining insight into the perceptions and factors influencing the behavior of teens is critical in HIV and AIDS prevention. A structured 39-item questionnaire was designed to elicit answers that explored 4 areas: knowledge of HIV and AIDS, reported sexual behavior, perceived susceptibility to HIV, and factors influencing behavior. The mean age of the 78 respondents was 15.9 years. One important finding was that 74% of respondents perceived their knowledge of HIV transmission to be “good,” yet only 33% were able to answer all of the 8 test questions in this area correctly. In addition, 80% of those who reported engaging in risky behavior such as multiple sexual partners or having sex without condoms also felt they were not personally at risk for HIV.

scholarly journals The Effects of Past Hurricane Experiences on Evacuation Intentions through Risk Perception and Efficacy Beliefs: A Mediation Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie L. Demuth ◽  
Rebecca E. Morss ◽  
Jeffrey K. Lazo ◽  
Craig Trumbo
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Populations At Risk ◽  
Hazard Experience ◽  
Past Experiences

Abstract Individuals’ past experiences with a hazard can encompass many different aspects, which can influence how they judge and respond to a future hurricane risk. This study, which utilizes survey data from coastal residents who are at risk from hurricanes, adds to understanding of past hazard experience in two ways. First, it examines six different aspects of people’s past hurricane experiences and the relationships among them. Then, it draws on risk theories of behavioral responses to explore how these different experiences influence people’s evacuation intentions for a hypothetical hurricane as mediated through multiple dimensions of risk perception (cognitive, negative affective) and efficacy beliefs (self efficacy, response efficacy). The results suggest that people can experience emotional or otherwise severe impacts from a hurricane even if they do not have experiences with evacuation, property damage, or financial loss. The results also reveal that different past hurricane experiences operated through different combinations of mediating variables to influence evacuation intentions. Some of these processes enhanced intentions; for instance, experience with evacuation, financial loss, or emotional impacts heightened negative affective risk perceptions, which increased evacuation intentions. Other processes dampened evacuation intentions; for instance, people with past hurricane-related emotional impacts had lower self efficacy, which decreased evacuation intentions. In some cases, these enhancing and dampening processes competed. Exploring people’s different past weather experiences and the mechanisms by which they can influence future behaviors is important for more deeply understanding populations at risk and how they respond to weather threats.

scholarly journals Standar Arsitektur Pasar Tradisional Pasca Pandemi

Arsitektura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Ana Hardiana ◽  
Ofita Purwani ◽  
Atika Febriyani
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Room Size ◽  
External Circulation ◽  
The World ◽  
Traditional Market

<p class="Abstract"><em><span lang="EN-GB">There have been architectural standards for many types of buildings such as the ones for hospitals, hotels, and shopping malls. Those standards were developed with an assumption that we live free from contagious diseases like Covid-19. The world situation in the last decade has shown that new contagious diseases are on the rise, bringing people’s lives at risk. It is then very urgent to review the existing architectural standards to fit our new needs. This paper then focuses on a review on architectural standard, which in this case is traditional market to propose a new standard. To do that we review the existing standard and the existing literature on Covid-19, before developing a proposal for a new standard for traditional market in Indonesia. The proposal shows a revision in the layout, room size, internal and external circulation, the use of materials, lighting, and ventilation.</span></em></p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document