Phantom recollection processes in older adults' false recognition

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna J. Lavoie ◽  
Jennifer N. Smith ◽  
Ellen Hinkel
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
Phantom Recollection

scholarly journals Effectiveness of tDCS to Improve Recognition and Reduce False Memories in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C Melendez ◽  
Encarnación Satorres ◽  
Alfonso Pitarque ◽  
Iraida Delhom ◽  
Elena Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Placebo Group ◽  
Older People ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Memory Errors ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Mixed Anova ◽  
Main Effect

Background. False memories tend to increase in healthy and pathological aging, and their reduction could be useful in improving cognitive functioning. The objective was to use an active-placebo method to verify whether the application of tDCS in improving true recognition and reducing false memories in healthy older people. Method. Participants were 29 healthy older adults (65-78 years old) assigned to active or placebo group; active group received anodal stimulation at 2mA for 20 min over F7. An experimental task was used to estimate true and false recognition. The procedure took place in two sessions on two consecutive days. Results. A mixed ANOVA of true recognition showed a significant main effect of session (p = .004), indicating an increase from before treatment to after it. False recognition showed a significant main effect (p = .004), indicating a decrease from before treatment to after it and a significant session x group interaction (p < .0001). Conclusions. Overall, our results show that tDCS is an effective tool for increasing true recognition and reducing false recognition in healthy older people, and suggest that stimulation improves recall by increasing the number of items a participant can recall and reducing the number of memory errors.

Dual Task Demands and Gist-Based False Recognition of Pictures in Younger and Older Adults

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilma Koutstaal ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter ◽  
Carolyn Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
Task Demands

scholarly journals When Gist and Familiarity Collide: Evidence From False Recognition in Younger and Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 927-932
Author(s):  
Nicole D Anderson ◽  
Chris B Martin ◽  
Julia Czyzo ◽  
Stefan Köhler
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Recognition Phase ◽  
Incidental Encoding

Abstract Objectives Aging is associated with decreased recollection required to offset misleading effects of familiarity, as well as an increased mnemonic reliance on gist-based over detail-based information. We tested the novel hypothesis that age-related decrements in overriding familiarity can be eliminated under conditions in which gist-based information facilitates retrieval. Method Twenty-seven younger adults and 27 older adults viewed scenes from two categories in an incidental encoding phase. In a recognition phase, old scenes were intermixed with new scenes from the studied categories and an unstudied category, with each new scene reappearing after 4, 18, or 48 intervening scenes. Participants were to respond “yes” to old scenes, and “no” to new scenes, including their repetitions. Results Despite encoding the scenes similarly, older adults made more false endorsements of new and repeated new scenes from studied categories. Both groups, however, were equally unlikely to falsely recognize new and repeated new scenes from the unstudied category. Discussion When helpful gist and misleading familiarity collide, gist wins, and eliminates age-related increases in false recognition.

Stereotype threat reduces false recognition when older adults are forewarned

Memory ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica T. Wong ◽  
David A. Gallo
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Stereotype Threat ◽  
False Recognition

Suppressing False Recognition in Younger and Older Adults: The Distinctiveness Heuristic

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Schacter ◽  
Lana Israel ◽  
Carrie Racine
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
Distinctiveness Heuristic

Emotional valence and semantic relatedness differentially influence false recognition in mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer’s disease, and healthy elderly

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATJA BRUECKNER ◽  
STEFFEN MORITZ
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Emotional Valence ◽  
Emotional Memory ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Positive Valence

AbstractThis study examined whether patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) who are at higher risk for later Alzheimer disease (AD) display deficits comparable to patients with diagnosed dementia. We assessed 27 patients with MCI, 36 patients with AD, and 20 healthy older adults with an emotional variant of the Deese–Roediger–McDermott-paradigm. Participants studied four lists that were semantically related to a nonpresented critical theme word. These theme words were either depression-related (i.e., loneliness) or delusion-related (betrayal) or had a positive (holidays) or neutral (window) valence. Despite a normal overall emotional memory and a normal corrected overall false recognition, patients with MCI, as predicted, produced as many false memories as patients with AD. On closer examination, both patient groups showed enhanced false memories to unrelated stimuli and a significant bias to falsely remember stimuli with a positive valence. We conclude that although patients with MCI are not distinguishable from healthy older adults in terms of their overall emotional recognition, positively valenced memories and more specifically false positive memories may represent the signature of a breakdown of emotional memory along the continuum between normal aging and AD. (JINS, 2009, 15, 268–276.)

scholarly journals False recognition in younger and older adults: Exploring the characteristics of illusory memories

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth A. Norman ◽  
Daniel L. Schacter
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
False Recognition

scholarly journals Effects of perceptual similarity but not semantic association on false recognition in aging

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayleigh Burnside ◽  
Caroline Hope ◽  
Emma Gill ◽  
Alexa M Morcom
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
False Recognition ◽  
Perceptual Similarity ◽  
Semantic Association

This study investigated semantic and perceptual influences on false recognition in older and young adults in a variant on the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. In two experiments, participants encoded intermixed sets of semantically associated words, and sets of unrelated words. Each set was presented in a shared distinctive font. Older adults were no more likely to falsely recognize semantically associated lure words compared to unrelated lures also presented in studied fonts. However, they showed an increase in false recognition of lures which were related to studied items only by a shared font. The data show that older adults do not always rely more on prior knowledge in episodic memory tasks. They converge with other findings suggesting that older adults may also be more prone to perceptually-driven errors.

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