The influence of transposed-letter neighbors: Eye movements and parafoveal processing

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Johnson ◽  
Keith Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Parafoveal Processing

scholarly journals Eye movements and parafoveal processing during reading in Korean

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 1053-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Suk Kim ◽  
Ralph Radach ◽  
Christian Vorstius
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Parafoveal Processing

scholarly journals Predictability effects and parafoveal processing in older readers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Veldre ◽  
Roslyn Wong ◽  
Sally Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Parafoveal Processing ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Sentence Reading ◽  
Reading Measures ◽  
Word Skipping ◽  
Effects Of Aging

Normative aging is accompanied by visual and cognitive changes that impact the systems that are critical for fluent reading. The patterns of eye movements during reading displayed by older adults have been characterized as demonstrating a trade-off between longer forward saccades and more word skipping versus higher rates of regressions back to previously read text. This pattern is assumed to reflect older readers’ reliance on top-down contextual information to compensate for reduced uptake of parafoveal information from yet-to-be fixated words. However, the empirical evidence for these assumptions is equivocal. This study investigated the depth of older readers’ parafoveal processing as indexed by sensitivity to the contextual plausibility of parafoveal words in both neutral and highly constraining sentence contexts. The eye movements of 65 cognitively intact older adults (61-87 years) were compared with data previously collected from young adults in two sentence reading experiments in which critical target words were replaced by valid, plausible, related, or implausible previews until the reader fixated on the target word location. Older and younger adults showed equivalent plausibility preview benefits on first-pass reading measures of both predictable and unpredictable words. However, older readers did not show the benefit of preview orthographic relatedness that was observed in young adults, and showed significantly attenuated preview validity effects. Taken together, the data suggest that older readers are specifically impaired in the integration of parafoveal and foveal information but do not show deficits in the depth of parafoveal processing. The implications for understanding the effects of aging on reading are discussed.

scholarly journals Spelling ability influences early letter encoding during reading: Evidence from return-sweep eye movements

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-149
Author(s):  
Adam J Parker ◽  
Timothy J Slattery
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Reading Ability ◽  
Target Information ◽  
Parafoveal Processing ◽  
Skilled Readers ◽  
Fixation Durations ◽  
Spelling Ability ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
Corrective Saccade ◽  
Lexical Quality

In recent years, there has been an increase in research concerning individual differences in readers’ eye movements. However, this body of work is almost exclusively concerned with the reading of single-line texts. While spelling and reading ability have been reported to influence saccade targeting and fixation times during intra-line reading, where upcoming words are available for parafoveal processing, it is unclear how these variables affect fixations adjacent to return-sweeps. We, therefore, examined the influence of spelling and reading ability on return-sweep and corrective saccade parameters for 120 participants engaged in multiline text reading. Less-skilled readers and spellers tended to launch their return-sweeps closer to the end of the line, prefer a viewing location closer to the start of the next, and made more return-sweep undershoot errors. We additionally report several skill-related differences in readers’ fixation durations across multiline texts. Reading ability influenced all fixations except those resulting from return-sweep error. In contrast, spelling ability influenced only those fixations following accurate return-sweeps—where parafoveal processing was not possible prior to fixation. This stands in contrasts to an established body of work where fixation durations are related to reading but not spelling ability. These results indicate that lexical quality shapes the rate at which readers access meaning from the text by enhancing early letter encoding, and influences saccade targeting even in the absence of parafoveal target information.

scholarly journals Semantic parafoveal processing in natural reading: Insight from fixation‐related potentials & eye movements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Antúnez ◽  
Sara Milligan ◽  
Juan Andrés Hernández‐Cabrera ◽  
Horacio A. Barber ◽  
Elizabeth R. Schotter
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Parafoveal Processing ◽  
Related Potentials

The effect of clause wrap-up on eye movements during reading

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Rayner ◽  
Gretchen Kambe ◽  
Susan A. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movements During Reading
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