Framing Effects Under Cognitive Load: Working Memory and Risky Decisions

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Whitney ◽  
Christa A. Rinehart ◽  
John M. Hinson ◽  
Allison L. Matthews ◽  
Aaron K. Wirick
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
Risky Decisions

Framing effects under cognitive load: The role of working memory in risky decisions

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Whitney ◽  
Christa A. Rinehart ◽  
John M. Hinson
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
Risky Decisions

scholarly journals Auditory Working Memory Load Impairs Visual Ventral Stream Processing: Toward a Unified Model of Attentional Load

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Klemen ◽  
Christian Büchel ◽  
Mira Bühler ◽  
Mareike M. Menz ◽  
Michael Rose
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Memory Load ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
Attentional Load ◽  
Relevant Task ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Attentional interference between tasks performed in parallel is known to have strong and often undesired effects. As yet, however, the mechanisms by which interference operates remain elusive. A better knowledge of these processes may facilitate our understanding of the effects of attention on human performance and the debilitating consequences that disruptions to attention can have. According to the load theory of cognitive control, processing of task-irrelevant stimuli is increased by attending in parallel to a relevant task with high cognitive demands. This is due to the relevant task engaging cognitive control resources that are, hence, unavailable to inhibit the processing of task-irrelevant stimuli. However, it has also been demonstrated that a variety of types of load (perceptual and emotional) can result in a reduction of the processing of task-irrelevant stimuli, suggesting a uniform effect of increased load irrespective of the type of load. In the present study, we concurrently presented a relevant auditory matching task [n-back working memory (WM)] of low or high cognitive load (1-back or 2-back WM) and task-irrelevant images at one of three object visibility levels (0%, 50%, or 100%). fMRI activation during the processing of the task-irrelevant visual stimuli was measured in the lateral occipital cortex and found to be reduced under high, compared to low, WM load. In combination with previous findings, this result is suggestive of a more generalized load theory, whereby cognitive load, as well as other types of load (e.g., perceptual), can result in a reduction of the processing of task-irrelevant stimuli, in line with a uniform effect of increased load irrespective of the type of load.

Independent operation of implicit working memory under cognitive load

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 214-222
Author(s):  
Eunhee Ji ◽  
Kyung Min Lee ◽  
Min-Shik Kim
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Load

Working memory is limited: improving knowledge transfer by optimising simulation through cognitive load theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Meguerdichian ◽  
Katie Walker ◽  
Komal Bajaj
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Curriculum Design ◽  
Cognitive Load Theory ◽  
Scenario Development ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
Healthcare Simulation ◽  
Simulation Scenario ◽  
Complex Knowledge

This analysis explores how to optimise knowledge transfer in healthcare simulation by applying cognitive load theory to curriculum design and delivery for both novice and expert learners. This is particularly relevant for interprofessional learning which is team-based, as each participant comes to the simulation experience with different levels of expertise. Healthcare simulation can offer opportunities to create complex and dynamic experiences that replicate real clinical situations. Understanding Cognitive Load Theory can foster the acquisition of complex knowledge, skills and abilities required to deliver excellence in patient care without overwhelming a learner's ability to handle new materials due to working memory limitations. The 2 aspects of working memory that will be explored in this paper are intrinsic load and extrinsic load. These will be addressed in terms of the learner's level of expertise and how to consider these elements to enhance the learning environment in simulation scenario development and delivery. By applying the concepts of Cognitive Load Theory, this paper offers educators a method to tailor their curricula to navigate working memory and optimise the opportunity for knowledge transfer.

Working Memory Resources Depletion Makes Delayed Testing Beneficial

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
Ouhao Chen ◽  
Slava Kalyuga
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Cognitive Load Theory ◽  
Primary Students ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Load Theory ◽  
Spaced Learning ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Depletion Effect ◽  
Memory Resources

Cognitive load theory (CLT) uses working memory resources depletion to explain the superiority of spaced learning, predicting that working memory resources will be less taxed if there are resting/spacing periods inserted between learning tasks, in comparison to learning from the same tasks in a single session. This article uses the working memory resources depletion effect, as a factor, to investigate the hypothesis that delayed testing would show superior results to immediate testing on math tasks for primary students in Singapore, as participants' working memory resources might be restored because of the resting between the immediate and delayed tests. Results confirmed higher performance on the delayed test than on the immediate test, as well as more working memory resources available for the delayed test.

Multimedia, Cognitive Load, and Pedagogy

2011 ◽  
pp. 1564-1585
Author(s):  
Peter E. Doolittle ◽  
Andrea L. McNeill ◽  
Krista P. Terry ◽  
Stephanie B. Scheer
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Instructional Technology ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Coding Theory ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Dual Coding ◽  
Web Based ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Pedagogical Research

The current emphasis, in education and training, on the use of instructional technology has fostered a shift in focus and renewed interest in integrating human learning and pedagogical research. This shift has involved the technological and pedagogical integration between learner cognition, instructional design, and instructional technology, with much of this integration focusing on the role of working memory and cognitive load in the development of comprehension and performance. Specifically, working memory, dual coding theory, and cognitive load are examined in order to provide the underpinnings of Mayer’s (2001) Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning. The bulk of the chapter then addresses various principles based on Mayer’s work and provides well documented web-based examples.

Measuring Cognitive Load

2007 ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
N. Hogg
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Cognitive Load ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Subjective Rating Scale ◽  
Very High ◽  
The Web

Cognitive load theory describes learning in terms of a processing system when all too often working memory is overloaded and learning is impeded. Measuring cognitive load is an important component of research in the area of information processing. The design, delivery, and administration of an instrument, as well as its reliability and validity are discussed as a solution to the measurement of cognitive load. A nine-point subjective rating scale ranging from very, very low (1) to very, very high (9) measures cognitive load, defined as the mental effort needed to complete a task. It is a replica of the instrument used by Paas (1992) and Paas and van Merriënboer (1994). The measurement instrument can be used both on paper and on the Web.

scholarly journals Framing effects and risky decisions in starlings

2002 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 3352-3355 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Marsh ◽  
A. Kacelnik
Keyword(s):  
Framing Effects ◽  
Risky Decisions
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