Frontal P300 decrements, childhood conduct disorder, and the prediction of relapse among abstinent cocaine abusers

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance O. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Childhood Conduct ◽  
Prediction Of Relapse

scholarly journals Young adult mental health and functional outcomes among individuals with remitted, persistent and late-onset ADHD

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica C. Agnew-Blais ◽  
Guilherme V. Polanczyk ◽  
Andrea Danese ◽  
Jasmin Wertz ◽  
Terrie E. Moffitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Substance Misuse ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Socioeconomic Outcomes ◽  
Childhood Conduct

BackgroundAttention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with mental health problems and functional impairment across many domains. However, how the longitudinal course of ADHD affects later functioning remains unclear.AimsWe aimed to disentangle how ADHD developmental patterns are associated with young adult functioning.MethodThe Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study is a population-based cohort of 2232 twins born in England and Wales in 1994–1995. We assessed ADHD in childhood at ages 5, 7, 10 and 12 years and in young adulthood at age 18 years. We examined three developmental patterns of ADHD from childhood to young adulthood – remitted, persistent and late-onset ADHD – and compared these groups with one another and with non-ADHD controls on functioning at age 18 years. We additionally tested whether group differences were attributable to childhood IQ, childhood conduct disorder or familial factors shared between twins.ResultsCompared with individuals without ADHD, those with remitted ADHD showed poorer physical health and socioeconomic outcomes in young adulthood. Individuals with persistent or late-onset ADHD showed poorer functioning across all domains, including mental health, substance misuse, psychosocial, physical health and socioeconomic outcomes. Overall, these associations were not explained by childhood IQ, childhood conduct disorder or shared familial factors.ConclusionsLong-term associations of childhood ADHD with adverse physical health and socioeconomic outcomes underscore the need for early intervention. Young adult ADHD showed stronger associations with poorer mental health, substance misuse and psychosocial outcomes, emphasising the importance of identifying and treating adults with ADHD.Declaration of interestNone.

Violence and phases of illness: Differential risk and predictors

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 518-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hodgins ◽  
M. Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Typical Antipsychotic ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Childhood Conduct ◽  
Conduct Disorder Symptoms ◽  
Univariate Analyses

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that among patients with schizophrenia the risk and correlates of aggressive behavior differ depending on the level of positive symptoms. Two hundred and fifty-one adults with schizophrenia who were living in the community were assessed by psychiatrists using validated instruments. Patients and collaterals reported aggressive behavior. In a final multivariate model, aggressive behavior was significantly and positively associated with childhood conduct disorder, current use of illicit drugs, positive, threat-control-override (TCO), and depression symptoms. While 16% of the patients with two or fewer positive symptoms engaged in aggressive behavior in the previous six months, this was true of 28.4% of those with three or more positive symptoms (X2(n = 251,1) = 5.48, P = 0.019). Among patients with high positive symptoms, even univariate analyses failed to detect any factors associated with aggressive behavior other than medication non-compliance, typical antipsychotic medication, and clozapine. By contrast, among patients with few positive symptoms, aggressive behavior was associated with TCO and depression symptoms, young age, male sex, the number of childhood conduct disorder symptoms, prior aggressive behavior, and current illicit drug use. In phases of illness characterized by different levels of positive symptoms, the risk of aggressive behavior and the associated factors differ.

The Effect of Childhood Conduct Disorder and Cognitive Functioning on Adolescent Substance Use

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth C. Harty ◽  
Nicole K. Thorn ◽  
Jessica H. Kalmar ◽  
Jeffrey H. Newcorn ◽  
Jeffrey M. Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Disruptive Behavior ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Adolescent Substance Use ◽  
Disruptive Behavior Disorder ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Adolescent Substance ◽  
Childhood Conduct ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTObjective: To assess the impact of childhood conduct disorder (CD) and intelligence quotient (IQ) on later substance use in adolescence.Methods: Neuropsychological and structured diagnostic evaluations were initially administered to 32 children with disruptive behavior disorder when they were 7–11 years of age. They were then re-evaluated on average 6.7 years later using an array of interviews and rating scales with a focus on substance use.Results: Early CD and IQ scores together accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in later substance use (R2=.248). In addition, there was a significant CD and Verbal IQ interaction (R2=.164) such that high Verbal IQ was linked to increased substance use in adolescents who had childhood CD.Conclusion: These data indicate that the presence of conduct disorder may interact with high Verbal IQ during childhood in such a way as to predict later adolescent substance use in disruptive behavior disorder populations.

A twin study of genetic and environmental influences on suicidality in men

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. FU ◽  
A. C. HEATH ◽  
K. K. BUCHOLZ ◽  
E. C. NELSON ◽  
A. L. GLOWINSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Combat Exposure ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Childhood Conduct

Background. Previous studies that have examined genetic influences on suicidal behaviour were confounded by genetic vulnerability for psychiatric risk factors. The present study examines genetic influences on suicidality (i.e. suicidal ideation and/or suicide attempt) after controlling for the inheritance of psychiatric disorders.Methods. Sociodemographics, combat exposure, lifetime DSM-III-R major depression, bipolar disorder, childhood conduct disorder, adult antisocial personality disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, drug dependence, alcohol dependence and lifetime suicidal ideation and attempt were assessed in 3372 twin pairs from the Vietnam Era Twin Registry who were assessed in 1987 and 1992. Genetic risk factors for suicidality were examined in a multinomial logistic regression model. Additive genetic, shared environmental and non-shared environmental effects on suicidality were estimated using structural equation modelling, controlling for other risk factors.Results. The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt were 16·1% and 2·4% respectively. In a multinomial regression model, co-twin’s suicidality, being white, unemployment, being other than married, medium combat exposure and psychiatric disorders were significant predictors for suicidal ideation. Co-twin’s suicidality, unemployment, marital disruption, low education attainment and psychiatric disorders (except childhood conduct disorder) were significant predictors for suicide attempt. Model-fitting suggested that suicidal ideation was influenced by additive genetic (36%) and non-shared environmental (64%) effects, while suicide attempt was affected by additive genetic (17%), shared environmental (19%) and non-shared environmental (64%) effects.Conclusions. There may be a genetic susceptibility specific to both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in men, which is not explained by the inheritance of common psychiatric disorders.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CHILDHOOD CONDUCT DISORDER ON HUMAN CAPITAL

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 928-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinand Webbink ◽  
Sunčica Vujić ◽  
Pierre Koning ◽  
Nicholas G. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Childhood Conduct

An update on interventions for conduct disorder

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Scott
Keyword(s):  
Conduct Disorder ◽  
Parent Training ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Drug Misuse ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
The Common ◽  
Childhood Conduct ◽  
Effective Medication

Childhood conduct disorder casts a long shadow over adulthood, often leading to antisocial personality, drug misuse, increased rates of psychosis and earlier death. This article reviews a range of effective treatments, and shows what is ineffective. The common theme underlying interventions that work is that they change the environment around the young person, with parent training emerging as the most effective. Medication is largely ineffective. The task now is to enable more of these interventions to be available at a reasonably early age.

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