Hearing on the Measurement of Health Disparities in Racial and Ethnic Populations Subcommittee on Populations of the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vickie M. Mays'
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Ethnic Populations

scholarly journals Polygenic hazard score is associated with prostate cancer in multi-ethnic populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minh-Phuong Huynh-Le ◽  
◽  
Chun Chieh Fan ◽  
Roshan Karunamuni ◽  
Wesley K. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Gleason Score ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Distant Metastasis ◽  
Ethnic Populations ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Aggressive Cancer ◽  
Screening Accuracy ◽  
Fatal Prostate Cancer

AbstractGenetic models for cancer have been evaluated using almost exclusively European data, which could exacerbate health disparities. A polygenic hazard score (PHS1) is associated with age at prostate cancer diagnosis and improves screening accuracy in Europeans. Here, we evaluate performance of PHS2 (PHS1, adapted for OncoArray) in a multi-ethnic dataset of 80,491 men (49,916 cases, 30,575 controls). PHS2 is associated with age at diagnosis of any and aggressive (Gleason score ≥ 7, stage T3-T4, PSA ≥ 10 ng/mL, or nodal/distant metastasis) cancer and prostate-cancer-specific death. Associations with cancer are significant within European (n = 71,856), Asian (n = 2,382), and African (n = 6,253) genetic ancestries (p < 10−180). Comparing the 80th/20th PHS2 percentiles, hazard ratios for prostate cancer, aggressive cancer, and prostate-cancer-specific death are 5.32, 5.88, and 5.68, respectively. Within European, Asian, and African ancestries, hazard ratios for prostate cancer are: 5.54, 4.49, and 2.54, respectively. PHS2 risk-stratifies men for any, aggressive, and fatal prostate cancer in a multi-ethnic dataset.

Diabetes care: a time to review prescribing approaches and reach out to local communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
Anne Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Diabetes Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Diabetes Incidence ◽  
Vulnerable Communities ◽  
Ethnic Populations ◽  
Local Practices ◽  
Medication Reviews ◽  
The Uk

Diabetes care has undergone a rapid change in delivery since the first lockdown from COVID-19 in March 2020. As such, services have had to reshape and transform into virtual diabetes reviews. Vulnerable communities with high diabetes incidence or risk have experienced health disparities, not least because of COVID-19, but also as a result of slower medication reviews and escalation of diabetes prescribing as required. This article critically examines the presenting inequalities in diabetes care provision in the UK. In particular focusing on the experience of minority ethnic populations, who experience inequality and health disparities, especially related to prescribing of newer medications in type 2 diabetes. Evidence from studies and reports underpins the debates presented about reconsidering diabetes care delivery and in particular listening to and working with local practices and their communities to disseminate health messages and provide person-centred educational opportunities.

scholarly journals Potential Microbiological Risk Factors Associated With Periodontitis and Periodontal Health Disparities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing-Yan Wang ◽  
Tom Lu ◽  
Qiuyin Cai ◽  
Meng-Hsuan Ho ◽  
Sally Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Hispanic Americans ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ethnic Populations ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Beneficial Bacterium ◽  
Total Bacteria

Periodontitis disproportionately affects different racial and ethnic populations. In this study, we used qPCR to determine and compare oral microbial profiles in dental plaque samples from 191 periodontitis patients of different ethnic/racial backgrounds. We also obtained the periodontal parameters of these patients retrospectively using axiUm and performed statistical analysis using SAS 9.4. We found that in this patient cohort, neighborhood median incomes were significantly higher among Caucasians Americans (CAs) than among African Americans (AAs) and Hispanic Americans (HAs). Levels of total bacteria and Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone periodontal pathogen, were not evenly distributed among the three groups. We confirmed our previous findings that Streptococcus cristatus reduces P. gingivalis virulence potential and likely serves as a beneficial bacterium. We also showed the ratio of S. cristatus to P. gingivalis to be significantly higher in CAs than in HAs and AAs. Our results suggest that higher levels of P. gingivalis and lower ratios of S. cristatus to P. gingivalis may contribute to periodontal health disparities.

Foreword: Envisioning Health Disparities

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 151-158
Author(s):  
Scott Burris
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities

The Complexity of Health Disparities: More Than Just Black–White Differences

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Charles Ellis ◽  
Molly Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Health Disparities ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Language Pathology

Health disparities have once again moved to the forefront of America's consciousness with the recent significant observation of dramatically higher death rates among African Americans with COVID-19 when compared to White Americans. Health disparities have a long history in the United States, yet little consideration has been given to their impact on the clinical outcomes in the rehabilitative health professions such as speech-language pathology/audiology (SLP/A). Consequently, it is unclear how the absence of a careful examination of health disparities in fields like SLP/A impacts the clinical outcomes desired or achieved. The purpose of this tutorial is to examine the issue of health disparities in relationship to SLP/A. This tutorial includes operational definitions related to health disparities and a review of the social determinants of health that are the underlying cause of such disparities. The tutorial concludes with a discussion of potential directions for the study of health disparities in SLP/A to identify strategies to close the disparity gap in health-related outcomes that currently exists.

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