Use of a Standardized Diagnostic Interview Results in Greater Diagnostic Accuracy in Children

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jensen-Doss ◽  
E.A. Youngstrom ◽  
J. Kogos ◽  
J. Youngstrom ◽  
N.C. Feeny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Standardized Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Standardized Diagnostic

scholarly journals Specificity of psychopathology across levels of severity: a transdiagnostic network analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin N. Groen ◽  
Marieke Wichers ◽  
Johanna T. W. Wigman ◽  
Catharina A. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Illness Severity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Network Approach ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Symptom Domains ◽  
Network Strength ◽  
Standardized Diagnostic Interview

AbstractA prominent hypothesis within the field of psychiatry is that the manifestation of psychopathology changes from non-specific to specific as illness severity increases. Using a transdiagnostic network approach, we investigated this hypothesis in four independent groups with increasing psychopathology severity. We investigated whether symptom domains became more interrelated and formed more clusters as illness severity increased, using empirical tests for two network characteristics: global network strength and modularity-based community detection. Four severity groups, ranging from subthreshold psychopathology to having received a diagnosis and treatment, were derived with a standardized diagnostic interview conducted at age 18.5 (n = 1933; TRAILS cohort). Symptom domains were assessed using the Adult Self Report (ASR). Pairwise comparisons of the symptom networks across groups showed no difference in global network strength between severity groups. Similar number and type of communities detected in the four groups exceeded the more minor differences across groups. Common clusters consisted of domains associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and combined depression and anxiety domains. Based on the strength of symptom domain associations and symptom clustering using a network approach, we found no support for the hypothesis that the manifestation of psychopathology along the severity continuum changes from non-specific to specific.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of a brief screening tool for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in UK prison inmates

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1449-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Young ◽  
R. A. González ◽  
L. Mutch ◽  
I. Mallet-Lambert ◽  
L. O'Rourke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Prison Inmates ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Brief Screening

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is overrepresented in prison, making it imperative to identify a screening tool that can be quickly applied to efficiently detect the disorder. We explored the discrimination ability of a widely used ADHD screen, the Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale (BAARS-IV), against a clinical diagnostic interview. A brief version of the screen was then developed in order to simplify its use in the prison context, and maximize its diagnostic properties.MethodA cross-sectional study of 390 male prison inmates was performed in the UK, all participants were screened and interviewed via the Diagnostic Interview for ADHD in Adults 2.0 (DIVA-2).ResultsA total of 47 (12.1%) inmates screened positive for ADHD using the full BAARS-IV, and 96 (24.6%) were clinically diagnosed, for a sensitivity of 37.9 and a specificity of 96.3. Our models identified the six items that most predicted ADHD diagnosis, with adjusted odds ratios ranging from 2.66 to 4.58. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 0.82, 0.84 and 0.84, respectively, for the developed brief scale, and 0.71, 0.85 and 0.81 for its validation. Weighted probability scores produced an area under the curve of 0.89 for development, and 0.82 for validation of the brief scale.ConclusionsThe original BAARS-IV performed poorly at identifying prison inmates with ADHD. Our developed brief scale substantially improved diagnostic accuracy. The brief screening instrument has great potential to be used as an accurate and resource-effective tool to screen young people and adults for likely ADHD in the criminal justice system.

Diagnostic accuracy and confusability analyses: an application to the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. V. Faraone ◽  
M. Blehar ◽  
J. Pepple ◽  
S. O. Moldin ◽  
J. Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Schizoaffective Disorder ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Latent Structures ◽  
Low Sensitivity

SynopsisThe dominant, contemporary paradigm for developing and refining diagnoses relies heavily on assessing reliability with kappa coefficients and virtually ignores a core component of psychometric practice: the theory of latent structures. This article describes a psychometric approach to psychiatric nosology that emphasizes the diagnostic accuracy and confusability of diagnostic categories. We apply these methods to the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies (DIGS), a structured psychiatric interview designed by the NIMH Genetics Initiative for genetic studies of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Our results show that sensitivity and specificity were excellent for both DSM-III-R and RDC diagnoses of major depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. In contrast, diagnostic accuracy was substantially lower for subtypes of schizoaffective disorder – especially for the DSM-III-R definitions. Both the bipolar and depressed subtypes of DSM-III-R schizoaffective disorder had excellent specificity but poor sensitivity. The RDC definitions also had excellent specificity but were more sensitive than the DSM-III-R schizoaffective diagnoses. The source of low sensitivity for schizoaffective subtypes differed for the two diagnostic systems. For RDC criteria, the schizoaffective subtypes were frequently confused with one another; they were less frequently confused with other diagnoses. In contrast, the DSM-III-R subtypes were often confused with schizophrenia, but not with each other.

Screening for Depression and Psychological Distress in a Currently Serving Military Population: The Diagnostic Accuracy of the K10 and the PHQ9

Assessment ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1411-1426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia K. Searle ◽  
Miranda Van Hooff ◽  
Alexander C. McFarlane ◽  
Christopher E. Davies ◽  
Thao Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Psychological Distress Scale ◽  
Distress Scale

This study is the first to examine the diagnostic accuracy of two depression screening scales—the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)—in an entire regular-serving military population. Currently serving Australian Defence Force personnel ( n = 24,481) completed the K10 and PHQ9. Then a targeted subsample (i.e., the analysis sample, n = 1,730) completed a diagnostic interview to identify DSM-IV 30-day disorder. Weighted results represented the entire population ( N = 50,049). Both scales similarly showed a good ability to discriminate between personnel with and without depressive disorders. Optimal cutoffs (19 for K10, 6 for PHQ9) showed high sensitivity and good specificity, and were similar to though slightly lower than those recommended in civilian populations. Both scales appear to be valid screens for depressive disorder in the military, using the cutoffs identified. As both performed similarly, scale choice may depend on other factors (e.g., availability of norms).

Diagnostic Accuracy of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0) PTSD Module Among Female Vietnam-Era Veterans

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Kimerling ◽  
Tracey Serpi ◽  
Frank Weathers ◽  
Amy M. Kilbourne ◽  
Han Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Vietnam Era

scholarly journals Towards a Standard Psychometric Diagnostic Interview for Subjects at Ultra High Risk of Psychosis: CAARMS versus SIPS

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fusar-Poli ◽  
M. Cappucciati ◽  
G. Rutigliano ◽  
T. Y. Lee ◽  
Q. Beverly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Conversion Algorithm ◽  
Psychometric Instruments ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Youth Clinic ◽  
Roc Area ◽  
Diagnostic Outcomes

Background. Several psychometric instruments are available for the diagnostic interview of subjects at ultra high risk (UHR) of psychosis. Their diagnostic comparability is unknown.Methods. All referrals to the OASIS (London) or CAMEO (Cambridgeshire) UHR services from May 13 to Dec 14 were interviewed for a UHR state using both the CAARMS 12/2006 and the SIPS 5.0. Percent overall agreement, kappa, the McNemar-Bowkerχ2test, equipercentile methods, and residual analyses were used to investigate diagnostic outcomes and symptoms severity or frequency. A conversion algorithm (CONVERT) was validated in an independent UHR sample from the Seoul Youth Clinic (Seoul).Results. There was overall substantial CAARMS-versus-SIPS agreement in the identification of UHR subjects (n=212, percent overall agreement = 86%; kappa = 0.781, 95% CI from 0.684 to 0.878; McNemar-Bowker test = 0.069), with the exception of the brief limited intermittent psychotic symptoms (BLIPS) subgroup. Equipercentile-linking table linked symptoms severity and frequency across the CAARMS and SIPS. The conversion algorithm was validated in 93 UHR subjects, showing excellent diagnostic accuracy (CAARMS to SIPS: ROC area 0.929; SIPS to CAARMS: ROC area 0.903).Conclusions. This study provides initial comparability data between CAARMS and SIPS and will inform ongoing multicentre studies and clinical guidelines for the UHR psychometric diagnostic interview.

scholarly journals Standardized Diagnostic Instruments for Autism Spectrum Disorders: the Use of ADOS-2 and ADI-R

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-24
Author(s):  
A.B. Sorokin ◽  
E.Yu. Davydova ◽  
L.V. Samarina ◽  
E.E. Ermolaeva ◽  
K.Yu. Antokhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Expert Assessment ◽  
Diagnostic Instruments ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Standardized Diagnostic

Standardized diagnostic methods for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been internationally used by professionals for diagnosis validation, diagnostic classification for intervention planning, structured collection of behavioral and developmental data as well as stand-alone diagnostic instruments. Recently, two of such instruments — Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule ADOS-2 and Autism Diagnostic Interview ADI-R — became available in Russian. The article briefly describes both instruments and presents expert assessment of potential and possible limitations of Russian-language ADOS-2 and ADI-R. Preliminary ADOS-2 psychometric data attests to sufficient sensitivity and positive predictive value to be used as an observation instrument. More research is needed to confirm its differential diagnostic ability.

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