Conflicts of Interest and Editorial Decision-making: How Editors', Peer Reviewers', and Authors' Disclosed Conflicts Affect Decisions to Publish Manuscripts

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Boyd ◽  
Karah Popp ◽  
Kirby Lee ◽  
Lisa Bero
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Peer Reviewers ◽  
Editorial Decision

scholarly journals Conflicts of interest policies for authors, peer reviewers, and editors of bioethics journals

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubin Master ◽  
Kelly Werner ◽  
Elise Smith ◽  
David B. Resnik ◽  
Bryn Williams-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Peer Reviewers

scholarly journals Addiction journals and the management of conflicts of interest

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Stenius
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
New Research ◽  
Political Decisions

Stenius, K. (2016). Addiction journals and the management of conflicts of interest. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 9-10. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.233Scientific journals are crucial for a critical and open exchange of new research findings and as guardians of the quality of science. Today, as policy makers increasingly justify decision-making with references to scientific evidence, and research articles form the basis for evidence for specific measures, journals also have an indirect responsibility for how political decisions will be shaped.

scholarly journals Lessons from the Twin Mega-Crises: The Financial Meltdown and the BP Oil Spill

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hershey H. Friedman ◽  
Linda W. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Bp Oil Spill ◽  
Twin Crises ◽  
Excessive Risk

This paper explores the synchronicity of two mega-crises we are now facing: The BP oil spill and the repercussions of the 2008 financial meltdown. It examines some key common threads in both of these crises. The overarching message is that firms must maintain a culture of social responsibility, must behave in an ethical manner, and must do everything possible to avoid societal harm. The three key lessons to be learned from the twin crises are to consider and mange risk in decision making; minimize conflicts of interest in the hope that executives will then not engage in actions that involve excessive risk to stakeholders; and that government regulation can be beneficial, rather than harmful to business and society – as long as it does not stifle innovation and growth.

scholarly journals The Tink’s saga? Is it the Time for the Corporate Governance?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleandra Maria Prigol Meneghini ◽  
Ana Paula Pereira dos Passos ◽  
Jeferson Lana
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Information Asymmetries ◽  
Teaching Case ◽  
Good Corporate Governance ◽  
Governance Practices ◽  
And Control ◽  
Gains And Losses

Objective: To promote a discussion on the benefits and challenges of the process of implementing mechanisms and good corporate governance practices in a multifamily company. Method: the case was based on real problems of a privately held multifamily organization and fictitious narratives were developed for its construction. Originality/relevance: Multifamily companies potentialize the existence of conflicts between the main ones due to the plurality of partners regarding corporate management and control. In this teaching case, some of these dilemmas were presented and how corporate governance could avoid, mitigate or remedy them in order to find adequate alignment between family members. Results: Conflicts of interest and information asymmetries indicated the need for new solutions for business continuity. Among these solutions, there was the possibility of implementing mechanisms and good corporate governance practices. Theoretical/methodological contributions: It is expected that the student develops an understanding of the need to consider inherent gains and losses in decision making and the particularities of the organization, such as shareholder composition, maturity of the organization and protection of capital and property.

scholarly journals Indigenous Knowledges and Scholarly Publishing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Sound Source ◽  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
White Male ◽  
Scholarly Publishing ◽  
Editorial Process ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Intended Purpose ◽  
Peer Reviewers

At its core, academic knowledge production is predicated on Western notions of knowledge historically grounded in a Euro-American, White, male worldview. As a component of academic knowledge production, scholarly publishing shares the same basis of Whiteness. It excludes knowledge that doesn’t conform to White, Western notions of knowledge, forces conformity to (and therefore reinforcement of) a Western standard of writing/knowledge, and leads to a reverence of peer-reviewed literature as the only sound source of knowledge. As a tool of scholarly publishing and the editorial process, blind peer review, though perhaps well-intentioned, is fraught with problems, especially for BIPOC researchers and writers, because it fails in its intended purpose to drastically reduce or eliminate bias and racism in the peer review and editorial processes; shields peer reviewers and editors against accusations of bias, racism, or conflicts of interest; and robs BIPOC, and particularly Indigenous, writers and researchers from having the opportunity to develop relationships with those that are reviewing and publishing their work.

Conflict of Interest and Decision Making

2021 ◽  
pp. 265-282
Author(s):  
Geneviève Helleringer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Professional Norms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Harmful Effects

This chapter looks at conflicts of interest (COI). It first considers tools of analytic philosophy to highlight the notion of COI, and in particular, the connection between COIs, choice and judgment, emphasising why decision making is a central element in the characterisation of COIs. Drawing on these elements, it is clear that any question of regulation and institutional design requires a sophisticated understanding of the capacity of individuals to recognise and resist bias in themselves and others when making judgments and decisions. The chapter then studies two specific mechanisms—bounded rationality and cognitive biases—that affect the behaviour of people in COI situations. It starts by analysing how rationalisation can reframe questionable behaviour as appearing acceptable, and how a sense of invulnerability encourages people to downplay the impact of COIs. The chapter then looks at techniques (policies, procedures, incentives, etc.) used to address COI situations in the light of insights from psychological studies. It concludes that both fiduciary duties and procedural requirements reflect an erroneous understanding of psychology and have led institutions and policies to deal ineffectively—if not indeed counterproductively—with the problems caused by COIs. Finally, the chapter assesses how alternative mechanisms may overcome the highlighted deficiencies. It specifically focuses on the key role that professional norms can play in dealing with unavoidable COIs while preserving trust between the affected parties, and the potential for self-regulation to provide worthwhile tools in combatting the harmful effects of COIs.

Psychiatric ethics

2020 ◽  
pp. 329-346
Author(s):  
Rachel E. Zettl ◽  
John Z. Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Professional Relationships ◽  
Treatment Refusal ◽  
Physician Impairment ◽  
Decision Making Capacity

As psychiatric practice becomes more embedded in social, cultural, and financial networks, it is hardly surprising that the scrutiny of psychiatrists by organizations and institutions grows almost daily. This chapter focuses on the scrutiny of psychiatric ethics. Seven papers are reviewed, ranging from the mid-1950s up to 2009. Topics considered include: professional relationships between psychiatrists, physician impairment, confidentiality in the context of dangerousness, standard-of-care disputes, assessments of competency and decision-making capacity, the history and ethics of psychosurgery and neuromodulation, treatment refusal in chronically mentally ill patients, and conflicts of interest in clinical practice guideline authorship. Each paper is summarized with background information, methods, results, and a critical discussion of its significance.

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