Music-Induced State Anxiety, Selective Attention, and Reaction Time Distributional Analyses

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Shing Tse ◽  
Wai-Shing Tse ◽  
Fung-Ying Siu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
State Anxiety

Age differences in perceptual style, selective attention, and perceptual-motor reaction time

1978 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Panek ◽  
Gerald V. Barrett ◽  
Harvey L. Sterns ◽  
Ralph A. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Motor Reaction ◽  
Motor Reaction Time ◽  
Perceptual Style

Selective Attention in a Multiple-Response Reaction-Time Task

1977 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 889-890
Author(s):  
Richard K. Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Reaction Time Task ◽  
Multiple Response ◽  
Time Task

Consistently higher correlations (.74 to .89) were noted between hand and foot RT of 7 subjects assigned to a contralateral group than for another 7 assigned to an ipsilateral group ( rs = .80 to .51). Subjects button pressed to onset of a light.

The Impact of Age on Visual Search Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Manivannan ◽  
Sara Czaja ◽  
Colin Drury ◽  
Chi Ming Ip
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Search Task ◽  
Visual Search Task ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Search Performance ◽  
Performance Effect ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact

Visual search is an important component of many real world tasks such as industrial inspection and driving. Several studies have shown that age has an impact on visual search performance. In general older people demonstrate poorer performance on such tasks as compared to younger people. However, there is controversy regarding the source of the age-performance effect. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between component abilities and visual search performance, in order to identify the locus of age-related performance differences. Six abilities including reaction time, working memory, selective attention and spatial localization were identified as important components of visual search performance. Thirty-two subjects ranging in age from 18 - 84 years, categorized in three different age groups (young, middle, and older) participated in the study. Their component abilities were measured and they performed a visual search task. The visual search task varied in complexity in terms of type of targets detected. Significant relationships were found between some of the component skills and search performance. Significant age effects were also observed. A model was developed using hierarchical multiple linear regression to explain the variance in search performance. Results indicated that reaction time, selective attention, and age were important predictors of search performance with reaction time and selective attention accounting for most of the variance.

Listening to music during indoor cycling elicits higher internal loads during prolonged endurance exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-166
Author(s):  
Milena A. Dos Santos ◽  
Felipe P. Carpes
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Responses

BACKGROUND: Dissociation by music may impact the rate of perceived exertion (RPE), which is an indicator of internal loads during exercise. However, it is not clear how music affects the RPE, neuromuscular, and cognitive responses to exercise. AIM: To determine whether listening to preferred music during indoor endurance exercise influences RPE, neuromuscular, and cognitive responses in healthy individuals. METHOD: Thirteen healthy adults performed sessions of prolonged indoor cycling at moderate intensity while listening or not to preferred music. Reaction time, selective attention, and memory were evaluated before, during, and/or after the exercise sessions. RPE, heart rate, muscle activation, pedaling torque, and cadence were recorded during the exercises. RESULTS: RPE (P = 0.004, d = 0.40), heart rate (P = 0.048, d = 0.53) and cadence (P = 0,043; d = 0.51) were higher in the music session compared to no music. Selective attention (P = 0.233), simple reaction time (P = 0.360), working and short-term memory (P > 0.05), as well as torque (P = 0.262) and muscle activation (RMS and MDF, P > 0.05) did not differ between music and no music sessions. CONCLUSION: Indoor cycling while listening to preferred music elicited higher internal loads, which we consider a result of higher cardiovascular demand. However, the effects of music on neuromuscular and cognitive responses were not evident. We conclude that music can be helpful to improve demand during indoor exercise.

Reactivity and Event-Related Potentials in Attentional Tests: Effect of Training

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 817-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuliano Fontani ◽  
Leda Lodi
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Negative Wave ◽  
Geometric Figure ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Geometric Figures ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Related Potentials

To study the effects of training on reactivity and event-related potentials a complex attentional shifting test involving reaction time was administered (Test 1) to 24 healthy, young students. After five days, 12 subjects were tested with the same procedure (Test 2) without training (Untrained Subjects) while 12 repeated the test at the fifth day after four days of training (Trained Subjects). During Tests 1 and 2, event-related potentials were recorded by electroencephalogram. The task consisted of each subject responding to a stimulus of a letter appearing in the centre of a geometric figure on the screen of a computer monitor. In the prestimulus period black points were drawn and crowded randomly into a zone of the screen. The geometric figure and the letter were shown in the centre of the crowding. There were two letters and four geometric figures randomly combined in different ways. The subject had to press different keys of the computer keyboard when specific combinations appeared. The averaged event-related potentials were characterized by a negative wave with a close relationship to selective attention before the onset of the stimulus of a geometric figure followed by letters. After the stimulus onset, a P3 complex was recorded. Trained subjects were no different from untrained subjects in Test 1, while in Test 2 they had a shorter reaction time, an earlier peak of the selective attention related wave and P3, and a higher amplitude for the P3 complex. These measures and the correlations between them can be considered an index of the training effect. Thus, these tests could be used for evaluation of the attentional style and its modification with training.

Physiological inequalities do not result in psychological inequalities in vision field: Evidence from a test of visual selective attention

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-414
Author(s):  
Xufeng Liu ◽  
Jing Lu ◽  
Jing-jing Gong ◽  
Sheng-jun Wu ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Visual Selective Attention ◽  
Similar Function ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Distractor Effect ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Irrelevant Distractors ◽  
Distractor Rejection

It is well known that there are some characteristics of physiological inequality among vision fields. But, based on many studies, this inequality does not lead to psychological inequalities. Our aim was to assess directly the effect of vision field (foveal, parafoveal, peripheral) on irrelevant distractors' rejection of selective attention and to determine whether or not the physiological inequalities of different vision fields bring out psychological inequalities. Results showed that there were significant differences in reaction time and error rate among 3 vision fields, but no distractor effect. Results demonstrated that perception processing efficiency was not balanced among the 3 types of vision, but does have a similar function of distractor rejection.

Contextual Effects on Choice Reaction Time and Accuracy in Acute and Chronic Schizophrenics Impairment in Selective Attention or in the Influence of Prior Learning?

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Jones ◽  
David R. Hemsley ◽  
Jeffrey A. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Choice Reaction Time ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Prior Learning ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Cue Validity ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenics ◽  
Normal Controls

Two hypotheses were tested concerning the nature of the cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia: (a) that there is a broadening of selective attention; and (b) that there is an impairment in associational learning. RDC-diagnosed acute and chronic schizophrenics and normal controls carried out a choice reaction time (RT) task in which conflict between the correct response to a target (a letter in the centre of a computer screen) and that cued by simultaneously presented flankers (two letters either side of the target) increased RT. For 80 (‘valid’) trials, flankers and targets were consistent in the response cued (pressing a button with either left or right hand); on 8 (‘invalid’) trials they conflicted. On invalid trials there was a slowing of RT, and an increase of errors for left-hand responses. Chronic schizophrenics showed the same reactions to cue validity as normal controls, both groups differing significantly from acute schizophrenics. For the latter, the RT data supported hypothesis (b), but the error rates appeared to support hypothesis (a).

Attachment and selective attention: Disorganization and emotional Stroop reaction time

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Atkinson ◽  
Eman Leung ◽  
Susan Goldberg ◽  
Diane Benoit ◽  
Lori Poulton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Distributed Processing ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Disorganized Attachment ◽  
Emotional Stroop ◽  
Internal Working Model ◽  
Strange Situation ◽  
Working Model ◽  
Internal Working

AbstractAlthough central to attachment theory, internal working models remain a useful heuristic in need of concretization. We compared the selective attention of organized and disorganized mothers using the emotional Stroop task. Both disorganized attachment and emotional Stroop response involve the coordination of strongly conflicting motivations under conditions of emotional arousal. Furthermore, much is known about the cognitive and neuromodulatory correlates of the Stroop that may inform attempts to substantiate the internal working model construct. We assessed 47 community mothers with the Adult Attachment Interview and the Working Model of the Child Interview in the third trimester of pregnancy. At 6 and 12 months postpartum, we assessed mothers with emotional Stroop tasks involving neutral, attachment, and emotion conditions. At 12 months, we observed their infants in the Strange Situation. Results showed that: disorganized attachment is related to relative Stroop reaction time, that is, unlike organized mothers, disorganized mothers respond to negative attachment/emotion stimuli more slowly than to neutral stimuli; relative speed of response is positively related to number of times the dyad was classified disorganized, and change in relative Stroop response time from 6 to 12 months is related to the match-mismatch status of mother and infant attachment classifications. We discuss implications in terms of automatic and controlled processing and, more specifically, cognitive threat tags, parallel distributed processing, and neuromodulation through norepenephrine and dopamine.

Reaction Time as a Measure of the Effect of Selective Attention

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 755-761
Author(s):  
Eugenie Walsh Flaherty ◽  
Stanley Coren
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Selective Attention ◽  
Divided Attention ◽  
Stimulus Type ◽  
Dichotic Listening ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Attention Condition ◽  
Attentional Condition ◽  
Processing Component ◽  
Tonal Stimuli

In a dichotic-listening paradigm, reaction time was used to monitor the effect of selective attention for 8 Ss. Reaction times were longer for targets in the non-attended channel, but there was no difference between the performance in the attended channel and a divided attention condition which may be interpreted as evidence for attenuation of the unattended channel. For all conditions the reaction time for semantic stimuli is longer than that for tonal stimuli, and there is an interaction between stimulus type and attentional condition which may indicate a stimulus-processing component in selective attention.

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