Promiscuous Pandas and Monogamous Otters: Does the Range Size Hypothesis Predict Sex Differences in Spatial Ability in the Order Carnivora?

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie M. Perdue ◽  
Rebecca J. Snyder ◽  
Terry L. Maple
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Range Size

scholarly journals Sex differences in spatial ability: a test of the range size hypothesis in the order Carnivora

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie M. Perdue ◽  
Rebecca J. Snyder ◽  
Zhang Zhihe ◽  
M. Jackson Marr ◽  
Terry L. Maple
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Mating System ◽  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Home Ranges ◽  
Giant Pandas ◽  
Monogamous Species ◽  
Males And Females

Sex differences in spatial cognition have been reported for many species ranging from voles to humans. The range size hypothesis predicts that sex differences in spatial ability will only occur in species in which the mating system selects for differential range size. Consistent with this prediction, we observed sex differences in spatial ability in giant pandas, a promiscuous species in which males inhabit larger ranges than females, but did not observe sex differences in Asian small-clawed otters, a related monogamous species in which males and females share home ranges. These results provide the first evidence of sex differences in spatial ability in the order Carnivora, and are consistent with the range size hypothesis.

Sex differences in visual spatial ability in 9-year-old children

Intelligence ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian Vederhus ◽  
Sturla Krekling
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Visual Spatial

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Space Use of Breeding Common Ravens in Western Marin County, California

The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. Roth ◽  
John P. Kelly ◽  
William J. Sydeman ◽  
Mark A. Colwell
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Home Range ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Home Range Size ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Corvus Corax ◽  
Marin County ◽  
Core Areas

Abstract We estimated core areas and home-range sizes and evaluated sex differences in home-range size, seasonal variation in movements, and space use for breeding Common Ravens (Corvus corax) in western Marin County, California. There were no significant interannual differences in average core area or average home-range size for either sex, although there were small-scale shifts in home-range use for 67% of females and 63% of males. There was no significant difference in home-range size between the sexes. Home-range size was positively correlated with distance to food source. Ravens traveled shorter distances from the nest during the incubation + nestling stage compared to other stages of the breeding season. Core areas were centered around nest sites and food sources, with significantly aggregated locations for 83% and 100% of females in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Males were more variable in their use of space, with significantly aggregated locations for 38% and 44% of males in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Individual variation in home-range size, movements, and space use was likely due to differences in the distribution of important food sources in the area. Diferencias Sexuales en la Utilización del Espacio en Corvus corax en el Oeste del Condado Marin, California Resumen. Estimamos los tamaños del área núcleo y rango de hogar y evaluamos las diferencias entre sexos en el tamaño del rango de hogar, variaciones estacionales de los movimientos y utilización del espacio en Corvus corax en el oeste del condado Marin, California. No hubo diferencias interanuales significativas en el área núcleo promedio ni en el rango de hogar promedio para ninguno de los sexos, aunque para el 67% de las hembras y el 63% de los machos hubo cambios de pequeña escala en el uso del rango de hogar. No hubo diferencias significativas en el tamaño de los rangos de hogar entre sexos. El tamaño del rango de hogar estuvo positivamente correlacionado con la distancia a la fuente de alimento. Los cuervos viajaron distancias más cortas desde el nido durante los períodos de incubación y de cría de polluelos en comparación con otros períodos durante la época reproductiva. Las áreas núcleo se centraron en los sitios de nidificación y las fuentes de alimento, con posiciones significativamente agregadas para el 83% y 100% de las hembras en 2000 y 2001, respectivamente. Los machos presentaron mayor variabilidad en la utilización del espacio, con posiciones significativamente agregadas para un 38% y 44% de los machos en el 2000 y 2001, respectivamente. Las variaciones individuales en el tamaño de los ámbitos de hogar, movimientos y uso del espacio fueron probablemente dadas por las diferencias en la distribución de los recursos alimenticios importantes en el área.

Sex differences in spatial ability: A lateralization of function approach

2004 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy L. Rilea ◽  
Beverly Roskos-Ewoldsen ◽  
David Boles
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Function Approach

scholarly journals Sex differences in associations between spatial ability and corpus callosum morphology

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (8) ◽  
pp. 1380-1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Kurth ◽  
Debra Spencer ◽  
Melissa Hines ◽  
Eileen Luders
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Spatial Ability

scholarly journals Sex differences in spatial cognition in an invertebrate: the cuttlefish

2008 ◽  
Vol 275 (1646) ◽  
pp. 2049-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Jozet-Alves ◽  
Julien Modéran ◽  
Ludovic Dickel
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Spatial Cognition ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Spatial Task ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Left Turn ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sexually Mature

Evidence of sex differences in spatial cognition have been reported in a wide range of vertebrate species. Several evolutionary hypotheses have been proposed to explain these differences. The one best supported is the range size hypothesis that links spatial ability to range size. Our study aimed to determine whether male cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis ; cephalopod mollusc) range over a larger area than females and whether this difference is associated with a cognitive dimorphism in orientation abilities. First, we assessed the distance travelled by sexually immature and mature cuttlefish of both sexes when placed in an open field (test 1). Second, cuttlefish were trained to solve a spatial task in a T-maze, and the spatial strategy preferentially used (right/left turn or visual cues) was determined (test 2). Our results showed that sexually mature males travelled a longer distance in test 1, and were more likely to use visual cues to orient in test 2, compared with the other three groups. This paper demonstrates for the first time a cognitive dimorphism between sexes in an invertebrate. The data conform to the predictions of the range size hypothesis. Comparative studies with other invertebrate species might lead to a better understanding of the evolution of cognitive dimorphism.

scholarly journals Sex differences in dynamic spatial ability: The unsolved question of performance factors

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Contreras ◽  
Víctor J. Rubio ◽  
Daniel Peña ◽  
Roberto Colom ◽  
José Santacreu
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Spatial Ability ◽  
Performance Factors
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