Aesthetic Judgment of Geometric Shape: The Role of Compactness

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Friedenberg ◽  
Timothy Spooner ◽  
Elizabeth Rivera ◽  
Ashley Wasilewski ◽  
Nicole Mcbride
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Geometric Shape

Rousseau on refined Epicureanism and the problem of modern liberty

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared Holley
Keyword(s):  
Economic Justice ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
State Theory ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Political Freedom ◽  
General Will ◽  
Balanced Growth ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Sensual Pleasure

This article argues that in order to understand the form of modern political freedom envisioned by Rousseau, we have to understand his theory of taste as refined Epicureanism. Rousseau saw the division of labour and corrupt taste as the greatest threats to modern freedom. He identified their cause in the spread of vulgar Epicureanism – the frenzied pursuit of money, vanity and sexual gratification. In its place, he advocated what he called ‘the Epicureanism of reason’, or refined Epicureanism. Materially grounded on an equitable proportion of needs and faculties, this was a hedonist theory of self-command designed to cultivate the temperate enjoyment of sensual pleasure. I argue that Rousseau hoped that a shift from vulgar to refined Epicureanism would secure political freedom in modernity by grounding the politics of the general will in an economics of balanced growth and a reinvigorated appreciation of natural beauty. This perspective provides a new way of both clarifying the role of economic justice and aesthetic judgment in Rousseau's republican state theory, and of assessing the consistency of his moral and political thought.

Feminist Aesthetics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Male Gaze ◽  
Canon Formation ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Female Nude ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Feminist Aesthetics

This chapter summarizes central issues and themes in feminist philosophical aesthetics in the analytic tradition, although some continental figures are discussed. After introducing the interdisciplinary, intersectional and trans* inclusive approach that feminist aesthetics is starting to take, this essay discusses situatedness, artistic canon formation, humanism vs. gynocentrism, rewriting the philosophical canon, overcoming artworld biases, and the role of the aesthetic in systemic oppression. Specific topics to be discussed include the male gaze, the female nude, the concept of artistic genius, women’s artistic production, the purported universality of correct aesthetic judgment, the sex/gender distinction as it pertains to aesthetics and the arts, and body aesthetics.

scholarly journals Meaning and Attentional Guidance in Scenes: A Review of the Meaning Map Approach

Vision ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Henderson ◽  
Taylor R. Hayes ◽  
Candace E. Peacock ◽  
Gwendolyn Rehrig
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Attentional Guidance ◽  
Saliency Maps ◽  
Eye Fixations ◽  
Image Saliency ◽  
Scene Description ◽  
Traditional Image

Perception of a complex visual scene requires that important regions be prioritized and attentionally selected for processing. What is the basis for this selection? Although much research has focused on image salience as an important factor guiding attention, relatively little work has focused on semantic salience. To address this imbalance, we have recently developed a new method for measuring, representing, and evaluating the role of meaning in scenes. In this method, the spatial distribution of semantic features in a scene is represented as a meaning map. Meaning maps are generated from crowd-sourced responses given by naïve subjects who rate the meaningfulness of a large number of scene patches drawn from each scene. Meaning maps are coded in the same format as traditional image saliency maps, and therefore both types of maps can be directly evaluated against each other and against maps of the spatial distribution of attention derived from viewers’ eye fixations. In this review we describe our work focusing on comparing the influences of meaning and image salience on attentional guidance in real-world scenes across a variety of viewing tasks that we have investigated, including memorization, aesthetic judgment, scene description, and saliency search and judgment. Overall, we have found that both meaning and salience predict the spatial distribution of attention in a scene, but that when the correlation between meaning and salience is statistically controlled, only meaning uniquely accounts for variance in attention.

Dance, Expertise, and Sensorimotor Aesthetics

2021 ◽  
pp. 199-202
Author(s):  
Beatriz Calvo-Merino
Keyword(s):  
Performing Arts ◽  
Aesthetic Experience ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Sensorimotor Processing ◽  
Dance Movements ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Motor Representations ◽  
Performing Artist

The article reviewed in this chapter discusses how questions initially originated in cognitive neuroscience can be answered with collaborations with nonscientific disciplines, such as performing arts. The author describes the first study that showed dancer’s brain activity when observing dance movements. By investigating how the expert brain works, they demonstrated the important role of sensorimotor processing for movement perception, emotion perception, and aesthetic judgment. This work opened a channel of communication between neuroscientists and performing artists, enabling conversations that have generated novel questions of interest to both disciplines. The chapter discusses three fundamental insights: the importance of prior experience for perception, the importance of motor representations for perception, and the existence of a system for embodied aesthetics. Finally, the author provides some consideration on neuroscientists’ capacity to dissect the aesthetic experience and how this knowledge can be absorbed by the performing artist during the artistic and choreographic process.

scholarly journals The Big Five, aesthetic judgment styles, and art interest

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Afhami ◽  
Shahin Mohammadi-Zarghan
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Future Directions

The current study aimed to examine the associations between the Big Five personality dimensions, aesthetic judgment styles, and art interest. Participants (N = 253) were university students in Tehran, Iran. All participants completed measures of personality, aesthetic Judgment styles, and general interest in art. Results suggested that Openness to Experience was related to advanced styles of art judgment and interest in art-related activities. Regression analyses showed that sex (β = .18, t = 3.18, p = .002), Emotional Stability (β = .14, t = 2.47, p = .01), Openness to Experience (β = .18, t = 3.14, p = .002), symbolic aesthetic judgment style (β = .31, t = 4.63, p < .001), and concrete aesthetic judgment style (β = -.19, t = -3.25, p = .001) significantly predicted art interest. The role of personality and individual difference constructs in aesthetic judgment and art interest is discussed and future directions are outlined.

scholarly journals Taste, Sensation, and Skill in the Sociology of Consumption

2018 ◽  
pp. 472-486
Author(s):  
David Wright
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Taste Sensation ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Sociology Of Consumption ◽  
And Training ◽  
Is Value

This chapter re-examines foundational philosophical controversies about the meaning of taste and reflects on how tastes have been understood by sociologists. It argues these insights, while revealing the social patterning of tastes, have also obscured the extent to which tastes are bound up both with sensory experience and with the process of learning the management of the body and its responses to the world. It concludes that, while the substantive weight of the sociological study of tastes has concerned itself with questions of the aesthetic and to the identification of different dispositions held by individuals and groups in relation to aesthetic judgment, there is value, in understanding contemporary cultures, to building up those accounts of taste that are more oriented to questions of the ascetic and to the role of restraint and training in the development and cultivation of tastes.

Leadership in the fluid moral economy of conspicuous consumption

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Riad
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Conspicuous Consumption ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sarah Fielding ◽  
Moral Attitudes

Purpose – In the last few years, signs of material excess by organizational and political leaders have often evoked public outcry. The paper aims to argue that there is insight to be gleaned from drawing together strands from the leadership literature with the literatures on moral economy and conspicuous consumption. The premise is that views of leader conspicuous consumption are shaped by their moral economy, the interplay between moral attitudes and economic activities. The paper seeks to juxtapose tales of Cleopatra and Antony's display of wealth with current media accounts to contribute to the leadership literature on ethics, specifically its intersection with power and narrative representation. Design/methodology/approach – The paper adopts an analytic approach, with an international orientation and an interdisciplinary perspective. It acknowledges the role of narrative representation in shaping leadership and the psychological ambivalence with which societies approach their leaders' practices, focus here on desire-disdain and discipline-decadence. Cleopatra and Antony's conspicuous consumption generated a legacy of condemnation for millennia. Drawing from the retellings of their story, four moralizing representations – by Plutarch, Shakespeare, Sarah Fielding and Hollywood – are analyzed and juxtaposed with current media accounts. Altogether, the paper combines the interest in leadership across history with moralizing perspectives on the display of wealth by leaders. Findings – The intersection of the literatures on leadership, moral economy and conspicuous consumption draws together several dynamics of relevance to leadership. First, evaluations of the display of wealth on the part of a leader are contextual: they change across time and place. Second, interpretations of conspicuous consumption involve aesthetic judgment and so sit at the nexus of morality and taste. Third, following tragedies, tales of leader conspicuous consumption offer critics another knife to dig into the fallen tragic hero. Fourth, views of conspicuous consumption are gendered. Last, conspicuous consumption by leaders attracts condemnation through support for social responsibility and sustainability. Originality/value – The paper establishes a novel articulation between the literatures on leadership, moral economy and conspicuous consumption.

scholarly journals Research in Architectural Education: Theory and Practice of Visual Training

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Jones
Keyword(s):  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Architectural Education ◽  
Visual Training ◽  
Multiple Points ◽  
Course Structure ◽  
Education Theory ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Course Outcomes

Today, the significance of vision is often considered from multiple points of view including perceptual, cognitive, imaginative, historical, technical, ethical, cultural, and critical perspectives.  Visual Studies, Visual Communication and Visual Design are popular courses of study found in many programs of higher education. This paper centers on a course called Visual Training within the domain of architectural education. To illustrate the pedagogical significance of the 78-year old practice, a methodology of Visual Training as it has been conducted at Illinois Institute of Technology is presented.  The paper describes the program of exercises used, and through an interpretation of the course outcomes, it reveals the course structure and pedagogical theory. The discussion shows how Visual Training establishes grounds for architectural critique based on visual perception and aesthetic judgment. In looking at this case of Visual Training, the paper revisits some of the fundamental premises of architectural pedagogy – from methods to ideals – and challenges assumptions about the role of vision in education by calling attention to existing biases shaping many of today’s programs.

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