Red means stop: The effect of color on medical diagnostic accuracy

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Tall ◽  
Robert C. Mathews ◽  
Sean M. Lane
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Medical Diagnostic

scholarly journals Estimating diagnostic accuracy for clustered ordinal diagnostic groups in the three-class case—Application to the early diagnosis of Alzheimer disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-714
Author(s):  
Chengjie Xiong ◽  
Jingqin Luo ◽  
Ling Chen ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Jingxia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Statistical Inferences ◽  
Mutation Carriers ◽  
Medical Diagnostic ◽  
Neuroimaging Biomarkers

Many medical diagnostic studies involve three ordinal diagnostic populations in which the diagnostic accuracy can be summarized by the volume or partial volume under the receiver operating characteristic surface for a diagnostic marker. When the diagnostic populations are clustered, e.g. by families, we propose to model the diagnostic marker by a general linear mixed model that takes into account of the correlation on the diagnostic marker from members of the same clusters. This model then facilitates the maximum likelihood estimation and statistical inferences of the diagnostic accuracy for the diagnostic marker. This approach naturally allows the incorporation of covariates as well as missing data when some clusters do not have subjects on all diagnostic groups in the estimation of, and the subsequent inferences on the diagnostic accuracy. We further study the performance of the proposed methods in a large simulation study with clustered data. Finally, we apply the proposed methodology to the data of several biomarkers collected by the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network, an international family-clustered registry to study autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease which is a rare form of Alzheimer disease caused by mutations in any of the three genes including the amyloid precursor protein, presenilin 1 and presenilin 2. We estimate the accuracy of several cerebrospinal fluid and neuroimaging biomarkers in differentiating three diagnostic and genetic populations: normal non-mutation carriers, asymptomatic mutation carriers, and symptomatic mutation carriers.

Clausal Density Between Ages 4 and 9 Years for the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument: Reference Data and Psychometric Properties

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Ling-Yu Guo ◽  
Phyllis Schneider ◽  
William Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Generation Task ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Purpose This study provided reference data and examined psychometric properties for clausal density (CD; i.e., number of clauses per utterance) in children between ages 4 and 9 years from the database of the Edmonton Narrative Norms Instrument (ENNI). Method Participants in the ENNI database included 300 children with typical language (TL) and 77 children with language impairment (LI) between the ages of 4;0 (years;months) and 9;11. Narrative samples were collected using a story generation task, in which children were asked to tell stories based on six picture sequences. CD was computed from the narrative samples. The split-half reliability, concurrent criterion validity, and diagnostic accuracy were evaluated for CD by age. Results CD scores increased significantly between ages 4 and 9 years in children with TL and those with LI. Children with TL produced higher CD scores than those with LI at each age level. In addition, the correlation coefficients for the split-half reliability and concurrent criterion validity of CD scores were all significant at each age level, with the magnitude ranging from small to large. The diagnostic accuracy of CD scores, as revealed by sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios, was poor. Conclusions The finding on diagnostic accuracy did not support the use of CD for identifying children with LI between ages 4 and 9 years. However, given the attested reliability and validity for CD, reference data of CD from the ENNI database can be used for evaluating children's difficulties with complex syntax and monitoring their change over time. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13172129

1956: Does Increasing the Number of Cores of Prostate Biopsy Improve Diagnostic Accuracy? Indications and Morbidity

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 649-649
Author(s):  
Ponnambalam Chandrasekar ◽  
Jeremy Raynard ◽  
Abdul Sayed ◽  
Faiyaz Kapasi ◽  
Jaspal S. Virdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Prostate Biopsy

Abstract #130 Diagnostic Accuracy of Dexamethasone Suppression Test: Additive Value of Free Cortisol and Dexamethasone Measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ravinder Jeet Kaur ◽  
Shobana Athimulam ◽  
Molly Van Norman ◽  
Melinda Thomas ◽  
Stefan K. Grebe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression Test ◽  
Free Cortisol ◽  
Suppression Test ◽  
Dexamethasone Suppression

Diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance angiography for acute pulmonary embolism - a systematic review and meta-analysis

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Lei Feng ◽  
Jiangbo Li ◽  
Jian Tang
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Angiography ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Acute Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Likelihood Ratios ◽  
Summary Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Acute Pe ◽  
Limited Sensitivity

Abstract. Background: The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted that included studies from January 2000 to August 2015 using the electronic databases PubMed, Embase and Springer link. The summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios (PLR), negative likelihood ratios (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) as well as the 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of MRA for acute PE. Meta-disc software version 1.4 was used to analyze the data. Results: Five studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled sensitivity (86 %, 95 % CI: 81 % to 90 %) and specificity (99 %, 95 % CI: 98 % to 100 %) demonstrated that MRA diagnosis had limited sensitivity and high specificity in the detection of acute PE. The pooled estimate of PLR (41.64, 95 % CI: 17.97 to 96.48) and NLR (0.17, 95 % CI: 0.11 to 0.27) provided evidence for the low missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis rates of MRA for acute PE. The high diagnostic accuracy of MRA for acute PE was demonstrated by the overall DOR (456.51, 95 % CI: 178.38 - 1168.31) and SROC curves (AUC = 0.9902 ± 0.0061). Conclusions: MRA can be used for the diagnosis of acute PE. However, due to limited sensitivity, MRA cannot be used as a stand-alone test to exclude acute PE.

A randomized cross-over trial in patients suspected of PAD on diagnostic accuracy of ankle-brachial index by Doppler-based versus four-point oscillometry based measurements

VASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Mayr ◽  
Mirko Hirschl ◽  
Peter Klein-Weigel ◽  
Luka Girardi ◽  
Michael Kundi
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Oscillometric Device ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Time Requirements ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Summary. Background: For diagnosis of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAD), a Doppler-based ankle-brachial-index (dABI) is recommended as the first non-invasive measurement. Due to limitations of dABI, oscillometry might be used as an alternative. The aim of our study was to investigate whether a semi-automatic, four-point oscillometric device provides comparable diagnostic accuracy. Furthermore, time requirements and patient preferences were evaluated. Patients and methods: 286 patients were recruited for the study; 140 without and 146 with PAD. The Doppler-based (dABI) and oscillometric (oABI and pulse wave index – PWI) measurements were performed on the same day in a randomized cross-over design. Specificity and sensitivity against verified PAD diagnosis were computed and compared by McNemar tests. ROC analyses were performed and areas under the curve were compared by non-parametric methods. Results: oABI had significantly lower sensitivity (65.8%, 95% CI: 59.2%–71.9%) compared to dABI (87.3%, CI: 81.9–91.3%) but significantly higher specificity (79.7%, 74.7–83.9% vs. 67.0%, 61.3–72.2%). PWI had a comparable sensitivity to dABI. The combination of oABI and PWI had the highest sensitivity (88.8%, 85.7–91.4%). ROC analysis revealed that PWI had the largest area under the curve, but no significant differences between oABI and dABI were observed. Time requirement for oABI was significantly shorter by about 5 min and significantly more patients would prefer oABI for future testing. Conclusions: Semi-automatic oABI measurements using the AngER-device provide comparable diagnostic results to the conventional Doppler method while PWI performed best. The time saved by oscillometry could be important, especially in high volume centers and epidemiologic studies.

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