Measuring the spatial span of the meta-attentional spotlight

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichiro Kawahara
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Span ◽  
Attentional Spotlight

scholarly journals How do we measure attention? Using factor analysis to establish construct validity of neuropsychological tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Treviño ◽  
Xiaoshu Zhu ◽  
Yi Yi Lu ◽  
Luke S. Scheuer ◽  
Eliza Passell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Visual Search ◽  
Object Tracking ◽  
Visual Working Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
Digit Symbol ◽  
Attentional Capacity ◽  
Spatial Span

AbstractWe investigated whether standardized neuropsychological tests and experimental cognitive paradigms measure the same cognitive faculties. Specifically, do neuropsychological tests commonly used to assess attention measure the same construct as attention paradigms used in cognitive psychology and neuroscience? We built on the “general attention factor”, comprising several widely used experimental paradigms (Huang et al., 2012). Participants (n = 636) completed an on-line battery (TestMyBrain.org) of six experimental tests [Multiple Object Tracking, Flanker Interference, Visual Working Memory, Approximate Number Sense, Spatial Configuration Visual Search, and Gradual Onset Continuous Performance Task (Grad CPT)] and eight neuropsychological tests [Trail Making Test versions A & B (TMT-A, TMT-B), Digit Symbol Coding, Forward and Backward Digit Span, Letter Cancellation, Spatial Span, and Arithmetic]. Exploratory factor analysis in a subset of 357 participants identified a five-factor structure: (1) attentional capacity (Multiple Object Tracking, Visual Working Memory, Digit Symbol Coding, Spatial Span), (2) search (Visual Search, TMT-A, TMT-B, Letter Cancellation); (3) Digit Span; (4) Arithmetic; and (5) Sustained Attention (GradCPT). Confirmatory analysis in 279 held-out participants showed that this model fit better than competing models. A hierarchical model where a general cognitive factor was imposed above the five specific factors fit as well as the model without the general factor. We conclude that Digit Span and Arithmetic tests should not be classified as attention tests. Digit Symbol Coding and Spatial Span tap attentional capacity, while TMT-A, TMT-B, and Letter Cancellation tap search (or attention-shifting) ability. These five tests can be classified as attention tests.

scholarly journals Constructing Benchmark Databases and Protocols for Medical Image Analysis: Diabetic Retinopathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomi Kauppi ◽  
Joni-Kristian Kämäräinen ◽  
Lasse Lensu ◽  
Valentina Kalesnykiene ◽  
Iiris Sorri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Medical Image ◽  
Image Annotation ◽  
Medical Image Analysis ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Spatial Span ◽  
Benchmark Database ◽  
Multiple Experts

We address the performance evaluation practices for developing medical image analysis methods, in particular, how to establish and share databases of medical images with verified ground truth and solid evaluation protocols. Such databases support the development of better algorithms, execution of profound method comparisons, and, consequently, technology transfer from research laboratories to clinical practice. For this purpose, we propose a framework consisting of reusable methods and tools for the laborious task of constructing a benchmark database. We provide a software tool for medical image annotation helping to collect class label, spatial span, and expert's confidence on lesions and a method to appropriately combine the manual segmentations from multiple experts. The tool and all necessary functionality for method evaluation are provided as public software packages. As a case study, we utilized the framework and tools to establish the DiaRetDB1 V2.1 database for benchmarking diabetic retinopathy detection algorithms. The database contains a set of retinal images, ground truth based on information from multiple experts, and a baseline algorithm for the detection of retinopathy lesions.

Attention, vigilance and visuospatial function in hospitalized elderly medical patients–relationship to delirium syndromal status and motor subtype profile

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S490-S490
Author(s):  
C. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Medical Patients ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Spatial Span ◽  
Visuospatial Function ◽  
Subsyndromal Delirium ◽  
Function Test ◽  
B Test

ObjectiveThe early and efficacious detection of neurocognitive disorders poses a key diagnostic challenge. We examined how nine bedside cognitive tests perform across the spectrum of delirium and motor subtypes.MethodsThe performance on a battery of nine bedside cognitive tests were compared in elderly medical inpatients with DSM-IV delirium, subsyndromal delirium, and no neurocognitive disorder and in different motor subtypes of patients with delirium.ResultsOne hundred and ninety-eight patients (mean age 79.14 ± 8.26) were assessed with no delirium (n = 43), subsyndromal delirium (n = 45), and full syndromal delirium (n = 110). The ability to meaningfully engage with the tests varied from 59% for vigilance B test to 85% for Spatial Span forward test and was found to be least in the full syndromal delirium group. The no delirium group was distinguished from the delirium groups for all the tests and from the full syndromal delirium group for the vigilance B test and global visuospatial function test. The subsyndromal delirium group differed from the full syndromal delirium group in respect of global visuospatial function test, spatial span backwards and vigilance A tests. Patients with full syndromal delirium were best identified using the interlocking pentagons test and clock drawing test. The ability to engage with testing was higher for those in the no subtype group.ConclusionsSimple bedside tests of attention, vigilance, and visuospatial ability are useful to help to distinguish neurocognitive disorders namely subsyndromal delirium from other presentations.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

Verbal and Spatial Memory Span in Patients with Extrapyramidal Diseases

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Orsini ◽  
N. A. Fragassi ◽  
L. Chiacchio ◽  
A. M. Falanga ◽  
C. Cocchiaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Memory Span ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Huntington's Chorea ◽  
Spatial Span

Spatial span (Corsi's block-tapping test) and verbal span (Wechsler's Digits Forward test) were measured in 651 normal subjects and in three groups of extrapyramidal patients (Progressive supranuclear palsy, Parkinson, and Huntington's Chorea). Analysis showed Huntington's Chorea patients scored lower on both tests than did controls and other groups.

scholarly journals Robot-based assessment of HIV-related motor and cognitive impairment for neurorehabilitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Bui ◽  
Carol A. Wamsley ◽  
Frances S. Shofer ◽  
Dennis L. Kolson ◽  
Michelle J. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rehabilitation Robotics ◽  
Sequence Length ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spatial Span ◽  
Living With Hiv

AbstractThere is a pressing need for strategies to slow or treat the progression of functional decline in people living with HIV. This paper explores a novel rehabilitation robotics approach to measuring cognitive and motor impairment in adults living with HIV, including a subset with stroke. We conducted a cross-sectional study with 21 subjects exhibiting varying levels of cognitive and motor impairment. We developed three robot-based tasks trajectory tracking, N-back, and spatial span – to assess if metrics derived from these tasks were sensitive to differences in subjects with varying levels of executive function and upper limb motor impairments. We also examined if these metrics could estimate clinical cognitive and motor scores. The results showed that the average sequence length on the robot-based spatial span task was the most sensitive to differences between subjects’ cognitive and motor impairment levels. We observed strong correlations between robot-based measures and clinical cognitive and motor assessments relevant to the HIV population, such as the Color Trails 1 (rho = 0.83), Color Trails 2 (rho = 0.71), Digit Symbol – Coding (rho = 0.81), Montreal Cognitive Assessment – Executive Function subscore (rho = 0.70), and Box and Block Test (rho = 0.74). Importantly, our results highlight that gross motor impairment may be overlooked in the assessment of HIV-related disability. This study shows that rehabilitation robotics can be expanded to new populations beyond stroke, namely to people living with HIV and those with cognitive impairments.

scholarly journals Belonging and Home

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Tuuli Lähdesmäki ◽  
Jūratė Baranova ◽  
Susanne C. Ylönen ◽  
Aino-Kaisa Koistinen ◽  
Katja Mäkinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Spatial Span ◽  
Micro Scale ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Core Feature

AbstractIn this chapter, the authors discuss artifacts in which children explore belonging and home. The chapter defines the sense of belonging as a core feature of humanity and living together. The feeling of having a home and being at home is both an intimate and a socially shared aspect of belonging. The children expressed belonging to a wide range of spaces in their artifacts. This spatial span extends from macro to micro scale and indicates belonging based on spaces, social relations, and materiality. Even very young children can see and depict their belonging as multiple and including spatial and social dimensions. The analyzed artifacts reveal both concrete and symbolic approaches to belonging and home.

EEG activity during the spatial span task in young men: Differences between short-term and working memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 1683 ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Angel Guevara ◽  
Edwin Iván Cruz Paniagua ◽  
Marisela Hernández González ◽  
Ivett Karina Sandoval Carrillo ◽  
Mayra Linné Almanza Sepúlveda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Span Task ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Spatial Span

scholarly journals Measuring Visual, Spatial, and Visual Spatial Short-Term Memory in Schoolchildren: Studying the Influence of Demographic Factors and Regression-Based Normative Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
A. Toornstra ◽  
P. P. M. Hurks ◽  
W. Van der Elst ◽  
G. Kok ◽  
L. M. G. Curfs
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Spatial Span ◽  
Paired Associates ◽  
Visual Spatial

Abstract The study aims to establish demographically corrected norms for three computerized tasks measuring different aspects of visual short-term memory (VSTM) in Ukrainian schoolchildren. These tasks measure respectively visual STM (the Pattern Recognition Memory (PRM) test), spatial STM (the Spatial Span (SSP) task), and visual spatial STM (the Paired Associates Learning (PAL) task). All tasks were administered to n = 186 children aged 5.10 years to 14.5 years old to evaluate the influence of demographic variables. Relevant demographic factors that influence task scores (VSTM), i.e., age and level of parental education, are identified and in keeping with the current literature. No sex differences were found. Based on these data, regression-based, demographically corrected norms were established per task. This approach to constructing norms differs from how (worldwide) PRM, SSP, and/or PAL norms have been constructed traditionally. In the latter approach, norms are calculated for each age group separately and without correcting for level of parental education, whereas in the regression-based normative method, multiple regression models are used to compute the expected test scores of an individual (rather than the subgroup means that are used in the traditional approach). Consequently, the regression-based norms for the PRM, SSP, and PAL presented in this paper are individualized, taking into account the unique characteristics of the individual that is tested on these tasks. Last, the confidence intervals of the PRM scores of the Ukrainian schoolchildren and the western norm group largely overlapped, except for the youngest age group, which adds to the literature about cultural effects on cognition.

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