Characterizing Effective Leader Behaviors for the Future

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Rupprecht ◽  
Jessica S. Waldrop ◽  
Matthew J. Grawitch
Keyword(s):  
Leader Behaviors ◽  
Effective Leader ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Considerate Leadership

Management ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Piccolo ◽  
Garrett K. Moise
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Servant Leadership ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Leader Behavior ◽  
Leadership Theory ◽  
Leader Behaviors ◽  
Supportive Leadership ◽  
Initiating Structure ◽  
Effective Leader ◽  
Concern For Others

Considerate leadership is a particular characterization of leader behavior that emphasizes commitment to developing personal relationships with followers, care and concern for others, willingness to attend to the unique preferences and work styles of subordinates, and facilitating cooperation among members of a work group. The concept was central in the Ohio State Studies of the 1960s and led to studies published by Edward Fleishman, who specified two distinct clusters of effective leader behavior: “Initiating Structure”, or the extent to which a leader defines leader and group member roles, initiates actions, organizes group activities and defines how tasks are to be accomplished by the group; and “Consideration,” the extent to which a leader exhibits concern for the welfare of the members of the group. Around the same time as the Ohio State studies, research conducted at the University of Michigan revealed a similar pattern of effective behavior, distinguishing leader behaviors that were task-oriented (i.e., initiating structure) from those that were people-oriented (i.e., consideration). According to this model, leaders who were people-oriented were more considerate, helpful, and supportive of subordinates. Similarly, Blake and Mouton proposed a Managerial Grid in 1964, which identified five important behaviors for effective managers. These behaviors were clustered into a concern for production, which concerns the degree to which a manager emphasizes specific and concrete objectives; organizational efficiency and productivity when making decisions; and a concern for people, or the degree to which a employee needs and preferences are taking into account. These three sets of seminal studies represented a meaningful evolution in leadership research, which, up to that point, had focused primarily on identifying the specific and unique traits characteristic of great leaders. Since then, several models of leader behavior have included reference to a leader’s care and concern for others, appreciation of individual differences, and interest in the general welfare of the team. For example, transformational leadership theory, as introduced by Bass in 1985, highlights four dimensions of especially effective leader behavior, including individualized consideration, or the degree to which leaders attend to followers’ needs, act as mentors or coaches, and listen to followers’ concerns. Similarly, recent models of servant leadership theory, as discussed in Reed, et al. 2011 (cited under Servant Leadership), include an “interpersonal support” (caring) dimension, where leaders “perceive their decisions in the context of utilitarianism and benevolence, stressing an overarching concern for the well-being of others, including society at large” (p. 418). Lastly, Rafferty and Griffin 2006 (cited under Supportive Leadership) isolates supportive leadership as distinct from developmental leadership. In doing so, the authors define supportive leadership as behaviors that are attentive the interest of subordinates and considerate of their personal feelings and concerns. As recently as 2013, van Knippenberg and Sitkin made a critical assessment of the charismatic-transformational leadership paradigm. In doing so, they offered four criticisms of how these leadership models have been developed and tested. Especially relevant in their review is a summary of how essential leader behaviors, such as leader consideration, are described, operationalized, measured, and tested in various modern models of effective leadership.

Construct redundancy in leader behaviors: A review and agenda for the future

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Banks ◽  
Janaki Gooty ◽  
Roxanne L. Ross ◽  
Courtney E. Williams ◽  
Nicole T. Harrington
Keyword(s):  
Leader Behaviors ◽  
The Future

International determination of the total motion of the pole

1961 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Wm. Markowitz
Keyword(s):  
Secular Motion ◽  
The Future

A symposium on the future of the International Latitude Service (I. L. S.) is to be held in Helsinki in July 1960. My report for the symposium consists of two parts. Part I, denoded (Mk I) was published [1] earlier in 1960 under the title “Latitude and Longitude, and the Secular Motion of the Pole”. Part II is the present paper, denoded (Mk II).

Status of the Lick Proper Motion Program

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 387-388
Author(s):  
A. R. Klemola
Keyword(s):  
Proper Motion ◽  
The Future

Second-epoch photographs have now been obtained for nearly 850 of the 1246 fields of the proper motion program with centers at declination -20° and northwards. For the sky at 0° and northward only 130 fields remain to be taken in the next year or two. The 270 southern fields with centers at -5° to -20° remain for the future.

Some Structural Features of Metaphase Chromosomes of Mice and Men

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
Godfrey C. Hoskins ◽  
Betty B. Hoskins
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Micrographs ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Metaphase Chromosomes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Of Mice And Men ◽  
Mouse Cells ◽  
Human And Mouse

Metaphase chromosomes from human and mouse cells in vitro are isolated by micrurgy, fixed, and placed on grids for electron microscopy. Interpretations of electron micrographs by current methods indicate the following structural features.Chromosomal spindle fibrils about 200Å thick form fascicles about 600Å thick, wrapped by dense spiraling fibrils (DSF) less than 100Å thick as they near the kinomere. Such a fascicle joins the future daughter kinomere of each metaphase chromatid with those of adjacent non-homologous chromatids to either side. Thus, four fascicles (SF, 1-4) attach to each metaphase kinomere (K). It is thought that fascicles extend from the kinomere poleward, fray out to let chromosomal fibrils act as traction fibrils against polar fibrils, then regroup to join the adjacent kinomere.

Freeze-fracture cytochemistry: A goal set by Russell Steere in 1957

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Nicholas J Severs
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Major Goal ◽  
Membrane Biology ◽  
Routine Application ◽  
The Future ◽  
Freeze Etching

In his pioneering demonstration of the potential of freeze-etching in biological systems, Russell Steere assessed the future promise and limitations of the technique with remarkable foresight. Item 2 in his list of inherent difficulties as they then stood stated “The chemical nature of the objects seen in the replica cannot be determined”. This defined a major goal for practitioners of freeze-fracture which, for more than a decade, seemed unattainable. It was not until the introduction of the label-fracture-etch technique in the early 1970s that the mould was broken, and not until the following decade that the full scope of modern freeze-fracture cytochemistry took shape. The culmination of these developments in the 1990s now equips the researcher with a set of effective techniques for routine application in cell and membrane biology.Freeze-fracture cytochemical techniques are all designed to provide information on the chemical nature of structural components revealed by freeze-fracture, but differ in how this is achieved, in precisely what type of information is obtained, and in which types of specimen can be studied.

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