PTSD, Co-morbid Anxiety Disorders and Emotional Reactivity

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. McTeague
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emotional Reactivity

scholarly journals Childhood social environment, emotional reactivity to stress, and mood and anxiety disorders across the life course

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1087-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie A. McLaughlin ◽  
Laura D. Kubzansky ◽  
Erin C. Dunn ◽  
Robert Waldinger ◽  
George Vaillant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
The Life Course

Neural correlates of emotional reactivity and regulation in youth with and without anxiety

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Namita Tanya Padgaonkar ◽  
Jessica Uy ◽  
Samantha DePasque ◽  
Adriana Galván ◽  
Tara Peris
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Frontal Pole ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Youth Anxiety ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Regulatory Capacity ◽  
Anxious Youth

Background: Youth with anxiety disorders struggle with managing emotions relative to peers, but the neural basis of this difference has not been examined. Methods: Youth (Mage=13.6; range=8-17) with (n=37) and without (n=24) anxiety disorders completed a cognitive reappraisal task while undergoing fMRI. Emotional reactivity and regulation, functional activation, and beta-series connectivity were compared across groups. Results: Groups did not differ on emotional reactivity or regulation. However, affect ratings and fronto-limbic activation after viewing aversive imagery (with and without regulation) were higher for anxious youth. Anxious youth did not demonstrate age-dependent changes in regulation, whereas regulation in control youth increased linearly. Stronger amygdala-vmPFC connectivity related to greater anxiety in control youth, but less anxiety in anxious youth. Stronger amygdala-frontal pole connectivity related to worse emotion regulation in control youth, but better emotion regulation in anxious youth. Conclusions: Anxious youth regulate when instructed, but this does not relate to age. Viewing aversive imagery related to heightened negative affect even after reappraisal, accompanied by higher fronto-limbic activation. Emotion dysregulation in youth anxiety disorders may stem from heightened emotionality and potent bottom-up neurobiological responses to aversive stimuli. Findings suggest the importance of treatments focused on both reducing initial emotional reactivity and bolstering regulatory capacity.

Functional Neurocircuitry and Neuroimaging Studies of Anxiety Disorders

2013 ◽  
pp. 606-620
Author(s):  
Madeleine S. Goodkind ◽  
Anett Gyurak ◽  
Amit Etkin
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

Anxiety and fear serve adaptive functions and include wide-ranging subjective, physiological, behavioral, and cognitive responses. When these reactions are present chronically, and to a heightened degree that generalizes to signals beyond those that are objectively dangerous, one sees emergence of clinical anxiety disorders. Historically, anxiety disorders have been conceptualized as disruptions in fear processing, though more recent accounts also highlight changes in emotional reactivity beyond fear and deficits in emotion regulation. In this chapter, we review the neural circuitry relevant for fear processing and for emotional reactivity and regulation more broadly. We then review neuroimaging studies of social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. We highlight areas of overlap between disorders as well as disorder-specific perturbations.

Emotion-modulated startle in anxiety disorders is blunted by co-morbid depressive episodes

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Taylor-Clift ◽  
B. H. Morris ◽  
J. Rottenberg ◽  
M. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Emotional Responding ◽  
Depressive Episodes ◽  
A Current

BackgroundWhile anxiety has been associated with exaggerated emotional reactivity, depression has been associated with blunted, or context insensitive, emotional responding. Although anxiety and depressive disorders are frequently co-morbid, surprisingly little is known about emotional reactivity when the two disorders co-occur.MethodWe utilized the emotion-modulated startle (EMS) paradigm to examine the effects of a concurrent depressive episode on emotional reactivity in young adults with anxiety disorders. Using an archival dataset from a multi-disciplinary project on risk factors in childhood-onset depression, we examined eye-blink startle reactions to late-onset auditory startle probes while participants viewed pictures with affectively pleasant, unpleasant and neutral content. EMS response patterns were analyzed in 33 individuals with a current anxiety (but no depressive) disorder, 24 individuals with a current anxiety disorder and co-morbid depressive episode and 96 healthy controls.ResultsControl participants and those with a current anxiety disorder (but no depression) displayed normative linearity in startle responses, including potentiation by unpleasant pictures. By contrast, individuals with concurrent anxiety and depression displayed blunted EMS.ConclusionsAn anxiety disorder concurrent with a depressive episode is associated with reactivity that more closely resembles the pattern of emotional responding that is typical of depression (i.e. context insensitive) rather than the pattern that is typical for anxiety (i.e. exaggerated).

scholarly journals Anxiolytic effects of chronic intranasal oxytocin on neural responses to threat are dose-frequency dependent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Kou ◽  
Yingying Zhang ◽  
Feng Zhou ◽  
Zhao Gao ◽  
Shuxia Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Neural Reactivity ◽  
Present Trial

AbstractAnxiety disorders are prevalent psychiatric conditions characterized by exaggerated anxious arousal and threat reactivity. Animal and human studies suggest an anxiolytic potential of the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT), yet, while a clinical application will require chronic administration protocols previous studies in humans have exclusively focused on single-dose (acute) intranasal OT effects. We aimed at determining whether the anxiolytic effects of OT are maintained with repeated (chronic) administration or are influenced by dose frequency and trait anxiety. A double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled pharmaco-fMRI trial (n=147) determined acute (single-dose) as well as chronic effects of two different dose frequencies of OT (OT administered daily for 5 days or every other day) on emotional reactivity in healthy subjects with high versus low trait anxiety. OT produced valence, dose frequency and trait anxiety specific effects, such that the low-frequency (intermittand) chronic dosage specifically attenuated neural reactivity in amygdala-insula-prefrontal regions in high anxious subjects in response to threatening but not positive stimuli. The present trial provides evidence that low dose frequency chronic oxytocin nasal spray has the potential to alleviate exaggerated neural threat reactivity in subjects with elevated anxiety levels underscoring a treatment potential for anxiety disorders.

Functional Neurocircuitry and Neuroimaging Studies of Anxiety Disorders

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine S. Goodkind ◽  
Amit Etkin
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Specific Phobia ◽  
Neural Circuitry ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

Anxiety and fear serve adaptive functions and include wide-ranging subjective, physiological, behavioral, and cognitive responses. When these reactions are present chronically, and to a heightened degree that generalizes to signals beyond those that are objectively dangerous, one sees emergence of clinical anxiety disorders. Historically, anxiety disorders have been conceptualized as disruptions in fear processing, though more recent accounts also highlight changes in emotional reactivity beyond fear and deficits in emotion regulation. In this chapter, we review the neural circuitry relevant for fear processing and for emotional reactivity and regulation more broadly. We then review neuroimaging studies of social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. We highlight areas of overlap between disorders as well as disorder-specific perturbations.

Emotional Reactivity and Risk for Psychopathology Among Adolescents

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel S. Pine ◽  
Patricia Cohen ◽  
Judith S. Brook
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Style ◽  
Upstate New York ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Demographic Correlates

AbstractVarious aspects of personality or dispositional style predict risk for psychiatric disorders among adults. In particular, signs of neuroticism, emotional reactivity, or sensitivity to stress are strong predictors of later mood or anxiety disorders. The current report extends this literature to adolescents. An epidemiologic sample of 776 young people living in upstate New York received psychiatric assessments based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition-Revised, (DSM-III-R) and a self-report assessment of personality style in 1983 and 1985. Psychopathology was again assessed in 1992. The current study first examined demographic correlates of emotional reactivity. The study then considered the predictive relationship between emotionally reactive personality style at one study wave and psychopathology at later waves. In middle but not early adolescence, girls showed higher levels of emotional reactivity than boys. In turn, high levels of emotional reactivity predicted a range of psychiatric disorders at follow-up. The most consistent associations emerged for major depression and fearful spells, a term the authors use to describe a subclinical form of panic attacks. As in adults, midadolescent girls rate themselves as more emotionally reactive than midadolescent boys. Moreover, adolescents who rate themselves as emotionally reactive face a high risk for mood and anxiety disorders. High levels of emotional reactivity may represent a manifestation of underlying neurobiologic risk for mood and anxiety disorders.

Patterns of Emotional Reactivity and Regulation in Children with Anxiety Disorders

2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Carthy ◽  
Netta Horesh ◽  
Alan Apter ◽  
James J. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emotional Reactivity

Emotional reactivity to daily events in youth with anxiety disorders

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Herres ◽  
Nicole E. Caporino ◽  
Colleen M. Cummings ◽  
Philip C. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
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