The Long Term Neuropsychiatric Effects of Early Trauma: What is the MMPI Telling Us

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Reinhard ◽  
Gregory Wolf ◽  
Alex Caldwell ◽  
Louis Cozolino
Keyword(s):  
Early Trauma

scholarly journals Mild Depressive Symptoms Mediate the Impact of Childhood Trauma on Long-Term Functional Outcome in Early Psychosis Patients

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s800-s800
Author(s):  
L. Alameda ◽  
G. Philippe ◽  
B. Philipp ◽  
D. Kim Q. ◽  
C. Philippe
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Early Psychosis ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Early Trauma ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe mechanism linking childhood trauma (CT) to the functional deficits observed in early psychosis (EP) patients is as yet unknown.ObjectivesTo examine the potential mediating effect of depressive symptoms in this well-established association.MethodsTwo hundred nine EP subjects aged 18-35 were assessed for functioning and psychopathology after 2, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months of treatment. Patients were classified into early-trauma if they had faced at least one experience of abuse (physical, sexual, or emotional) or neglect (physical or emotional) before age 12, and late-trauma if the exposure had occurred between ages 12 and 16. Psychopathology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Functioning was measured with the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) and the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). Mediation analyses were performed in order to study whether the relationship between CT and functioning was mediated by depressive symptoms.ResultsWhen compared with nonexposed patients, early but not late trauma patients showed lower levels of GAF and SOFAS scores over all the time points, excepting after the first assessment. After 30 and 36 months, the effect of early trauma on functioning was completely mediated by depressive symptoms. No mediating effect of positive or negative symptoms was highlighted at those time points.ConclusionMild depressive symptoms mediated the impact of early trauma on long-term functional outcome. Intensifying pharmacologic and/or psychotherapeutic treatment, focused on the depressive dimension, may help traumatized EP patients to improve their functioning.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Epigenetic effects of child abuse and neglect propagate human cruelty

2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Swain
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Stability ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Early Environment ◽  
Molecular Programming ◽  
Response System ◽  
Epigenetic Effects ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Stress Response System ◽  
Early Trauma

The nature of children's early environment has profound long-term consequences. We are beginning to understand the underlying molecular programming of the stress-response system, which may mediate the destructive long-term effects of cruelty to children, explain the evolutionary stability of cruelty, and provide opportunities for its reversal of early trauma.

scholarly journals Accumulation of trauma over time and risk for depression in a twin sample

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 431-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. McCutcheon ◽  
A. C. Heath ◽  
E. C. Nelson ◽  
K. K. Bucholz ◽  
P. A. F. Madden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Events ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Diagnostic Interviews ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Early Trauma ◽  
Assaultive Trauma ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Risk For Depression ◽  
Familial Effects

BackgroundFew genetically informative studies have examined the effects of different types of trauma on risk for depression over time. The aim of the present study was to examine the relative contributions over time of assaultive trauma, non-assaultive trauma, and familial effects to risk for depression.MethodHistories of depression and trauma were obtained during structured diagnostic interviews with 5266 (mean age 29.9 years, s.d.=2.4) members of a volunteer Australian twin panel from the general population. Age at first onset of a DSM-IV major depressive episode was the dependent variable. Associations of depression with traumatic events were examined while accounting for the temporal sequence of trauma and depression and familial effects.ResultsAssaultive traumatic events that occurred during childhood had the strongest association with immediate and long-term risk for depression, and outweighed familial effects on childhood-onset depression for most twins. Although men and women endorsed equal rates of assaultive trauma, women reported a greater accumulation of assaultive events at earlier ages than men, whereas men reported a greater accumulation of non-assaultive events at all ages.ConclusionsEarly exposure to assaultive trauma can influence risk for depression into adulthood. Concordance for early trauma is a significant contributor to the familiality of early-onset depression.

scholarly journals Long-Term Consequences of Early Trauma on Coronary Heart Disease: Role of Familial Factors

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 456-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherie Rooks ◽  
Emir Veledar ◽  
Jack Goldberg ◽  
John Votaw ◽  
Amit Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Familial Factors ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Early Trauma

scholarly journals A Polymorphism in the Crhr1 Gene Determines Stress Vulnerability in Male Mice

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 2500-2510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiana Labermaier ◽  
Christine Kohl ◽  
Jakob Hartmann ◽  
Christian Devigny ◽  
Andre Altmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Risk Haplotype ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cd1 Mice ◽  
Early Trauma

Chronic stress is a risk factor for psychiatric disorders but does not necessarily lead to uniform long-term effects on mental health, suggesting modulating factors such as genetic predispositions. Here we address the question whether natural genetic variations in the mouse CRH receptor 1 (Crhr1) locus modulate the effects of adolescent chronic social stress (ACSS) on long-term stress hormone dysregulation in outbred CD1 mice, which allows a better understanding of the currently reported genes × environment interactions of early trauma and CRHR1 in humans. We identified 2 main haplotype variants in the mouse Crhr1 locus that modulate the long-term effects of ACSS on basal hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. This effect is likely mediated by higher levels of CRHR1, because Crhr1 mRNA expression and CRHR1 binding were enhanced in risk haplotype carriers. Furthermore, a CRHR1 receptor antagonist normalized these long-term effects. Deep sequencing of the Crhr1 locus in CD1 mice revealed a large number of linked single-nucleotide polymorphisms with some located in important regulatory regions, similar to the location of human CRHR1 variants implicated in modulating gene × stress exposure interactions. Our data support that the described gene × stress exposure interaction in this animal model is based on naturally occurring genetic variations in the Crhr1 gene associated with enhanced CRHR1-mediated signaling. Our results suggest that patients with a specific genetic predisposition in the CRHR1 gene together with an exposure to chronic stress may benefit from a treatment selectively antagonizing CRHR1 hyperactivity.

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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