Deriving "Dog" From Wolf and Fox, or Leash and Bark? False Memory in Categorical and Associative Word Lists

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Coane ◽  
Dawn M. McBride ◽  
Miia-Liisa Termonen ◽  
J. Cooper Cutting
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Word Lists

False Memory for Associated Word Lists in Individuals and Collaborating Groups

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Weigold ◽  
Ruth H. Maki ◽  
Abbigail Arellano
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Word Lists

How accurate are memories of traffic accidents? Increased false memory levels among motorcyclists when confronted with accident-related word lists

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 275-294
Author(s):  
Dewi Maulina ◽  
Diandra Yasmine Irwanda ◽  
Thahira Hanum Sekarmewangi ◽  
Komang Meydiana Hutama Putri ◽  
Henry Otgaar
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Related Word ◽  
Word Lists

AN INVESTIGATION OF FALSE MEMORIES IN ANXIOUS AND FEARFUL INDIVIDUALS

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Wenzel ◽  
Candice Jostad ◽  
Jennifer R. Brendle ◽  
F. Richard Ferraro ◽  
Chad M. Lystad
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Recall Task ◽  
Memory Bias ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Social Evaluative Threat ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Target Words

The present study applied the Deese-Roediger-McDermott false memory paradigm to examine whether anxious and fearful individuals exhibit higher recall and recognition rates of never presented threat words than nonanxious individuals. In Study 1, 39 spider fearful individuals, 28 blood fearful individuals, and 41 nonfearful individuals learned four word lists associated with unpresented target words: “spider”, “blood”, “river”, and “music”. Regardless of whether participants completed only a recognition task or a recall task and then a recognition task, there were no differences as a function of group in the degree to which they falsely remembered unpresented target threat words. In Study 2, 48 socially anxious and 51 nonanxious individuals learned four lists associated with social/evaluative threat unpresented target words and four lists associated with neutral unpresented target words. Similar to the findings from Study 1, groups did not differ in the degree to which they falsely remembered target words. These findings add to an increasingly large literature suggesting that anxious individuals are not characterized by a memory bias toward threat.

scholarly journals False memory for associated word lists in individuals and collaborating groups

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 598-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth H. Maki ◽  
Arne Weigold ◽  
Abbigail Arellano
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Word Lists

scholarly journals False Memory in Borderline Personality Disorder

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Sajjadi ◽  
Martin Sellbom ◽  
Julien Gross ◽  
Harlene Hayne
Keyword(s):  
Borderline Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
False Memory ◽  
Alternative Model ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Dissociative Experiences ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Significant Impairment

Abstract Background: Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a mental disorder characterized by significant impairment in intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning, as well as patterns of personality pathology. Memory deficits are not recognized as a core symptom of BPD, but BPD patients have long been suspected to have inaccurate perceptions, disturbed memory processes, and an increased tendency to develop false memories. Methods: In the present study, we examined whether there was an association between BPD and the production of false memories in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm—a laboratory-based procedure that is frequently used to investigate false memory. We also compared the traditional and alternative model of BPD with respect to false memory. A total of 298 university students completed the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder, SCID-II Personality Questionnaire, Borderline Personality Disorder Impairment Scale, Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Beck Depression Inventory, Dissociative Experiences Scale, and Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire. The participants were also tested using both traditional DRM word lists as well as word lists that were specifically associated with BPD. Results: Using the traditional diagnosis of BPD, BPD symptoms were correlated with higher false memory for positive information; in the alternative model of BPD, identity impairment and anxiousness were correlated with the overall false memory score. We also found that trauma and dissociation mediated the relation between BPD and false memory. Conclusions: These findings are discussed in terms of how the consequences of trauma, such as dissociation and identity disturbance, are associated with false memory. Whether false memory rates are higher in a clinical population of patients with BPD remains to be determined.

The effect of mood on false memory for emotional DRM word lists

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 526-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiwei Zhang ◽  
Julien Gross ◽  
Harlene Hayne
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Word Lists

Caffeine's Effects on True and False Memory

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Capek ◽  
R. Kim Guenther
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
False Memory ◽  
Single Word ◽  
Drm Paradigm ◽  
Critical Lure ◽  
Word Lists

Caffeine's effects on recall of word lists were investigated using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. College students were administered either 200 mg of caffeine or a 250-mg lactose placebo; after 30 min., they were tested on recall using six word lists. Words of each list were semantically related to a single word (a “critical lure”) that was not presented in the list. participants administered caffeine recalled more list words and more critical lures than participants administered lactose. Recall of list words was negatively correlated with recall of critical lures. Caffeine appears to intensify the strength of connections among list words and critical lures, thereby enhancing both true and false memory.

Variation in Individuals' Semantic Networks for Common Knowledge is Associated with False Memory

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M. Stevens-Adams ◽  
Timothy E. Goldsmith ◽  
Karin M. Butler
Keyword(s):  
False Memory ◽  
Recognition Test ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
False Memories ◽  
Semantic Relatedness ◽  
Semantic Networks ◽  
The Third ◽  
Task Order ◽  
Word Lists

Three experiments assessed the relationships between false memories of words and their degree of connectedness within individual semantic networks. In the first two experiments, participants studied associated word lists (e.g., hot, winter, ice), completed a recognition test that included related nonstudied words (e.g., cold, snow), and then rated the semantic relatedness of all word pairs including studied and nonstudied words. In the third experiment, the task order was reversed; participants completed pairwise ratings and then, two weeks later, completed the false memory task. The relatedness ratings were analysed using the Pathfinder scaling algorithm. In all experiments, items that an individual falsely recognized had higher semantic Pathfinder node densities than those items correctly rejected.

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