PsycCRITIQUES Spotlight: "We Are All Prisoners or Guards": Zimbardo and Dunn on the New Movie about the Stanford Prison Experiment

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stanford Prison Experiment

scholarly journals Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE): Icon and Controversy

Psychology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Devonis
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Popular Imagination ◽  
Prison Policy ◽  
Replication Crisis ◽  
Social Psychological Research ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Stanford Prison Experiment

The Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) took place at a time when the sources of authoritarianism and evil were a focal concern in psychology. It emerged from a tradition of activist social psychological research beginning with Solomon Asch in the 1940s and extending through Stanley Milgram’s obedience experiments in the early 1960s. The SPE was a product of the research program of social psychologist Philip Zimbardo, a member of the Stanford psychology faculty since 1968. Discussions among Zimbardo’s students in spring 1971 led to a plan to simulate a prison environment. They converted portions of the basement of a University building into a combination booking room and jail. Zimbardo and a number of his graduate and undergraduate students took on supervisory roles. Before the Experiment began, paid participants recruited through newspaper advertisements were screened to eliminate obvious psychopathology, then randomly assigned to either the role of ‘guard’ or ‘prisoner.’ On the first experimental morning August 14, 1971, actual local police simulated an arrest of each of the prisoner participants. After they arrived, blindfolded, a simulated booking took place. Guards escorted them to the prison hallway where prisoners were required to strip and exchange their clothing for simple shifts and slippers. After a simulated spray delousing, they entered makeshift cells. After this, the Experiment evolved as an extended improvisation, by both the guards and prisoners, on prison-related themes. Episodes of deprivation, bullying, and humiliation emerged unplanned. Originally planned to run for two weeks, the Experiment lasted only six days, prematurely terminated when its supervising personnel judged that the simulation had gotten out of their control. The coincidence of its termination with the Attica prison uprising in New York led to its immediate dissemination in the news. Since then the SPE has become one of the most iconic psychological studies of psychology’s modern era. Although intended to expose and ameliorate bad prison conditions, its effectiveness in this regard diminished during a rapid shift in US prison policy, in the mid-1970’s, from reform to repression. Over succeeding decades, the Experiment continued to stimulate the popular imagination, leading to an extensive replication on British television and its portrayal in two feature films. Soon after its original publication, the SPE attracted criticisms of its methodology. After 2010, critical scrutiny of the SPE as well as similar iconic studies from the 1960s and 1970s increased, fueled by the growing ‘replication crisis’ in psychology. This most recent phase of criticism reflects not just a turn toward reflexive disciplinary self-criticism but also the increased availability of archival sources for examination. The SPE continues to excite both passionate support and equally passionate obloquy, much as have other comparable simulations of human social behavior.

Power

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-88
Author(s):  
Joe Ungemah
Keyword(s):  
Role Expectations ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
Academy Awards ◽  
Social Stereotypes ◽  
Diversity And Inclusion ◽  
Indirect Discrimination ◽  
Stanford Prison Experiment ◽  
Power And Influence

This chapter replays the Stanford Prison Experiment by Philip Zimbardo, going into detail about how the arbitrary assignment of guard and prisoner roles led to some of the most sadistic behavior witnessed in a laboratory environment. The study demonstrated how behavioral scripts are put in motion, where people conform to social stereotypes and role expectations as driven by power and influence differentials. The experiment is juxtaposed against the 2016 Academy Awards, where indirect forms of power resulted in a lack of minority nominations, bringing to light a multitude of signs pointing to indirect discrimination. The outcry led to a commitment to both overhaul membership in the academy and improve the mechanics of the awards process. Implications for the workplace extend to diversity and inclusion practices and policies to safeguard against harassment and bullying.

The Stanford Prison Experiment

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
So L. Onishi ◽  
Randy S. Hebert
Keyword(s):  
Stanford Prison Experiment

Revisiting the Stanford Prison Experiment: A Case Study in Organized Skepticism

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa C. Kulig ◽  
Travis C. Pratt ◽  
Francis T. Cullen
Keyword(s):  
Stanford Prison Experiment

scholarly journals Debunking the Stanford Prison Experiment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thibault Le Texier
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Validity Data ◽  
Demand Characteristics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Merit ◽  
Stanford Prison Experiment

The Stanford Prison Experiment (SPE) is one of psychology’s most famous studies. It has been criticized on many grounds, and yet a majority of textbook authors have ignored these criticisms in their discussions of the SPE, thereby misleading both students and the general public about the study’s questionable scientific validity. Data collected from a thorough investigation of the SPE archives and interviews with 15 of the participants in the experiment further question the study’s scientific merit. These data are not only supportive of previous criticisms of the SPE, such as the presence of demand characteristics, but provide new criticisms of the SPE based on heretofore unknown information. These new criticisms include the biased and incomplete collection of data, the extent to which the SPE drew on a prison experiment devised and conducted by students in one of Zimbardo’s classes 3 months earlier, the fact that the guards received precise instructions regarding the treatment of the prisoners, the fact that the guards were not told they were subjects, and the fact that participants were almost never completely immersed by the situation. Possible explanations of the inaccurate textbook portrayal and general misperception of the SPE’s scientific validity over the past 5 decades, in spite of its flaws and shortcomings, are discussed.

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