The Impact of Social Phobia

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Oakman
Keyword(s):  
Social Phobia ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of Self-Imagery on Affective, Cognitive, and Attentional Processes in Social Phobia: A Comprehensive Literature Review of the Theoretical and Empirical Literature

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlen S. Ng ◽  
Maree J. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Cognitive Models ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Social Phobia (SP) is a psychological disorder characterised by an excessive and persistent fear of negative evaluation in social or performance situations that interferes with daily functioning. Cognitive models of SP (Clark & Wells, 1995; Hofmann, 2007; Rapee & Heimberg, 1997) emphasise the role of negative images of the self as an important factor in the maintenance of SP. While empirical research has demonstrated the link between negative self-imagery and social anxiety, many aspects of this cognitive factor are yet to be understood. Currently, there is limited research investigating the impact of different types of self-imagery and their effects on social anxiety and performance. Further research assessing the relationships between self-imagery and other maintaining processes proposed in cognitive models is also warranted. This review assesses the literature focusing on self-imagery in social anxiety, including qualitative, empirical, and preliminary treatment studies to date. Recommendations for future research and the use of imagery-based rescripting methods in the treatment of SP are also discussed.

Assessing Therapeutic Competence in Cognitive Therapy for Social Phobia: Psychometric Properties of the Cognitive Therapy Competence Scale for Social Phobia (CTCS-SP)

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin von Consbruch ◽  
David M. Clark ◽  
Ulrich Stangier
Keyword(s):  
Social Phobia ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Multi Centre Study ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Therapist Competence ◽  
Competence Scale ◽  
The Impact

Background: There has been considerable acknowledgement in treatment outcome research that, although the assessment of treatment integrity is essential in many respects, it requires great effort as well as resources and is therefore often neglected. Aims: In order to fill this gap, the Cognitive Therapy Competence Scale for Social Phobia (CTCS-SP) was developed, based on the Cognitive Therapy Scale, to measure therapist competence in delivering cognitive therapy for social phobia. The aim of the present study was to investigate interrater reliability, internal consistency and retest reliability of the scale. Method: Raters evaluated therapist competence from 161 videotaped sessions (98 patients) selected from 234 cognitive treatments within a multi-centre study. Results: Interrater-reliability was found to be high for the overall score (ICC = .81) and moderate for individual items (ICC = .62–.92). Internal consistency and retest reliability were also found to be high (Cronbach's alpha = .89; (ICCretest = .86). Conclusions: The results indicate that the CTCS-SP is highly reliable. As even individual items yield satisfactory reliability, the scale can be used in various fields of research, including the measurement of changes in skill acquisition and the impact of competence on outcome criteria.

The impact of social phobia on quality of life

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
H -U Wittchen ◽  
E Beloch
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The use of psycho-education based on the CBT protocol using a single-session virtual exposure within the psychological support of students with a fear of public speaking: results of a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e0501224
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Avramchuk ◽  
Julija Ostryzhko
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Psychological Support ◽  
Fear Of Public Speaking ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction Anxiety and fear of public speaking are some of the common complaints of students during their studies. The prevalence and consequences for psychological well-being make it possible to discuss the fear of public speaking in the context of pathopsychological changes that contribute to or are a variant of a social anxiety disorder. At the same time, constant anxiety and emotional distress can contribute to the development of other comorbid pathologies such as depressive disorder, other anxiety disorders, or substance abuse as a way of coping anxiety. The development and implementation of effective psychological/psychotherapeutic interventions for self-help and psychological support with using a virtual environment has already proven itself in dealing with specific phobias and other anxiety states and can be applied in preventative measures for social anxiety disorder among students. Aim Investigate the impact of psychoeducation based on CBT protocol with a one-session virtual exposure on the level of students' social anxiety before public speaking and the features of social interaction during education. Methods Social anxiety assessment using the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), and Social Phobia Rating Scale (SPRS), clinical semi-structured interview, observation, and assessment of changes in virtual exposure. Results Compared with the control group, there was a statistically significant decrease in all indicators on the SPIN (p<0.001) and SPRS (p<0.001) scales in the experimental group 1 month after virtual exposure. Decreases in social anxiety on the SPIN scale before the intervention and one month after were statistically different depending on belonging to the experimental group (F = 5.06, p = 0.035) and time (F = 5.46, p = 0.029), and significantly from a baseline level of social anxiety (F = 124.8, p = 0.000). The significance of changes in the experimental group as a whole on the SPIN scale is achieved by reducing the indicator in the subgroup with a high level of social anxiety, where statistical significance is significant p<0.001. Differences in changes in the level of social anxiety on the SPRS scale before the intervention and one month after, depending on belonging to the experimental group (F = 9.39, p = 0.006), time (F = 12.33, p = 0.002) and baseline level of social anxiety (F = 12.06, p = 0.000) are also significant. According to the SPRS method, a statistically significant decrease in the rate of exhaustion and overall restriction imposing social anxiety (p<0.001) was found in the experimental group and a statistically significant decrease in the using of part of strategies avoidance behaviors and the influence of typical unproductive beliefs (p<0.05, in accordance). Conclusion Using psychoeducation based on CBT protocol with a one-session virtual exposure has proven to be an effective way of reducing the fear of public speaking. After 1 month undergoing a psychoeducational session using virtual exposure, a significant decrease in the intensity of anxious feelings, the impact of unproductive beliefs, and changes in behavior that underpinned them were revealed. It was noted that the most significant effect was achieved in the subgroup of participants with high input levels of social anxiety and manifest traits corresponding to the criteria of social anxiety disorder. Such changes may be explained by the need and timeliness of providing psychological support to this category of participants. Given that our findings are incomplete, they require further research and expansion of the experimental base.

Internet Treatment for Social Phobia Reduces Comorbidity

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 754-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolai Titov ◽  
Matthew Gibson ◽  
Gavin Andrews ◽  
Peter McEvoy
Keyword(s):  
Social Phobia ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Internet Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Significant Disability ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Social phobia can be treated by brief Internet-based cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). Most people with social phobia, however, meet criteria for another mental disorder; this comorbidity is associated with significant disability, and cases of comorbidity may be more difficult to treat. The present study examined the impact of the Shyness programme, an Internet-based treatment programme for social phobia, on comorbid symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety disorder. Method: Data from three randomized controlled trials using the Shyness programme to treat social phobia were reanalysed. The 211 subjects, all of whom met DSM-IV criteria for social phobia, were divided into four groups: (i) social phobia only; (ii) social phobia with elevated symptoms of depression; (iii) social phobia with elevated symptoms of generalized anxiety; and (iv) social phobia with elevated symptoms of both generalized anxiety and depression. The improvement in social phobia, depression and anxiety following Internet-based treatment for social phobia was measured. Results: Improvement in social phobia was seen in all groups, whether comorbid or not. Significant improvements in comorbid symptoms of depression and generalized anxiety occurred even though the treatment was focused on the social phobia. Conclusions: Brief Internet-based CBT can reduce both the target disorder as well as comorbid symptoms. These findings are consistent with evidence that unified or transdiagnostic programmes may reduce the severity of comorbid disorders and symptoms, indicating an important direction for future research.

scholarly journals Impact of alcohol intoxication and withdrawal syndrome on social phobia and panic disorder in alcoholic inpatients

2004 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Barbosa Terra ◽  
Ivan Figueira ◽  
Helena Maria Tannhauser Barros
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Panic Attacks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Withdrawal Phase

PURPOSE: To investigate the impact of alcohol intoxication and withdrawal on the course of social phobia and panic disorder. METHOD: A group of 41 alcoholic inpatients undergoing detoxification therapy were interviewed using the SCID-I (DSM-IV) and questions to detect fluctuations in the course of social phobia and panic disorder as a function of the different phases in alcohol dependence (intoxication, withdrawal, and lucid interval). RESULTS: Only 1 (2.4%) patient presented panic disorder throughout life, and 9 (21.9%) had panic attacks during alcohol intoxication or during the withdrawal syndrome. Sixteen (39%) alcoholic patients showed social phobia with onset prior to drug use. However, drinking eventually became unable to alleviate social phobia symptoms or worsened such symptoms in 31.2% of social-phobic patients. While patients with social phobia reported a significant improvement in psychiatric symptoms during alcohol intoxication, patients experiencing panic attacks worsened significantly during intoxication. In the withdrawal phase, patients with social phobia tended to have more and more intense phobic symptoms. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the impact of alcohol intoxication is different for social phobia as compared to panic disorder, at first decreasing the social-phobic symptoms but later aggravating them. In panic disorder, the impact of intoxication by alcohol is more harmful, at least in the short term.

Impact of Childhood Trauma on the Course of Panic Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S69-S69
Author(s):  
M. De Venter ◽  
F. Van Den Eede ◽  
T. Pattyn ◽  
K. Wouters ◽  
D. Veltman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of childhood trauma on the clinical course of panic disorder.MethodLongitudinal data of 539 participants with a current panic disorder were collected from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). Childhood trauma was assessed with a structured interview and clinical course after two years with a DSM-IV-based diagnostic interview and the Life Chart Interview.ResultsAt baseline, 56.3% reported childhood trauma, but this was not predictive of persistence of panic disorder. Emotional neglect and psychological abuse were associated with higher occurrence of anxiety disorders other than panic disorder (social phobia) and with higher chronicity of general anxiety symptoms (anxiety attacks or episodes and avoidance). Baseline clinical features (duration and severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms) and personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion) accounted for roughly 30 to 60% of the total effect of childhood trauma on chronicity of anxiety symptoms and on occurrence of other anxiety disorders.ConclusionAfter two years, childhood trauma is associated with chronicity of anxiety symptoms and occurrence of social phobia, rather than persistence of panic disorder. These relationships are partially accounted for by duration and severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and neuroticism and extraversion.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Fear: The Impact and Treatment of Social Phobia

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (2_suppl1) ◽  
pp. S13-S23 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Walker ◽  
K. D. Kjernisted
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Comorbid Disorders ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Significant Symptom

Social phobia is the most common anxiety disorder in the community with a prevalence rate in the range of 5–8%. The problem most often emerges in childhood or adolescence. Individuals with generalized social phobia are at risk of developing other psychiatric disorders such as major depression, alcohol abuse and other anxiety disorders. Sufferers of social phobia often do not seek treatment until they encounter difficulty with comorbid disorders. Recent research indicates that social anxiety disorder is associated with higher levels of disability and greater reductions in quality of life than previously understood, with difficulties encountered in social relationships, education and employment. In previous years, there has been little or no known available effective treatment, and the disorder frequently goes unrecognized in primary care. However, new pharmacological (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, SSRIs) and psychological treatments are emerging that are able to produce significant symptom reduction and improvements in functioning and quality of life. In recent years, the SSRIs have been the focus of considerable research and are becoming one of the first-line treatments for social phobia. Early intervention in social phobia may improve quality of life, reduce disability and reduce the development of comorbid disorders.

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