Statistical Learning Analysis of Asymmetric Reinforcing Events in Two-Choice Probability Learning

1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick A. Boudewyns ◽  
Harry L. Madison
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Probability Learning ◽  
Choice Probability ◽  
Learning Analysis

scholarly journals Twelve-choice probability learning with payoffs

1967 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 353-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forrest W. Young
Keyword(s):  
Probability Learning ◽  
Choice Probability

scholarly journals The utility of event variability in two choice probability learning

1968 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-144
Author(s):  
Joseph Halpern ◽  
Madison Dengler ◽  
Z. Joseph Ulehla
Keyword(s):  
Probability Learning ◽  
Choice Probability

scholarly journals Statistical Learning of Target Location Probability in Children and Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saebyul Lee ◽  
Su Keun Jeong ◽  
Injae Hong
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Attention ◽  
Statistical Learning ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Probability Learning ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Search Space ◽  
Attention Allocation ◽  
Low Probability ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Target Locations

Learning environmental regularities allows us to make predictions and guide behavior. Growing evidence of location probability learning (LPL) has shown that the statistical regularity of target locations affects spatial attention allocation. However, past studies on LPL have mostly focused on adults’ learning. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of this learning, we investigated the effect of target location probability on 5- to 9-year-old children’s visual search in comparison with that of adults. Both children and adults responded faster when the target appeared in the high probability “rich” quadrant than in the low probability “sparse” quadrants of the search space. This attentional bias toward the rich quadrant persisted even when the target was equally likely to appear in all four quadrants. Importantly, the magnitude of the bias was constant across various ages of participants and did not depend on individual differences in executive functions. Taken together, these results provide novel and converging evidence that implicit statistical learning of target locations occurs early in development and remains stable until early adulthood, which is a distinct developmental pattern from explicit goal-driven spatial attention learning.

Effects of Internal and External Control of Reinforcement on Binary-Choice Probability Learning

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 255-260
Author(s):  
Marion Jacobs ◽  
Norman Tiber
Keyword(s):  
Probability Learning ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
External Control ◽  
Binary Choice ◽  
Choice Probability ◽  
Frequent Event ◽  
The Difference ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between belief in one's ability to control reinforcements and performance in a binary-choice probability-learning situation under varying conditions of risk. The probability-learning task required S repeatedly to predict whether a red or green bulb would light up next. Red was programmed to occur 75% of the time. The sequence was random and not contingent upon Ss' responses. Rotter's Internal-External scale was used to select Ss who generally believed reinforcements were affected by their own behavior (internals) to compare with individuals who believed that most reinforcements were beyond personal control (externals). The conditions of risk were no-payoff, win or lose, win or break even, lose or break even, and reverse (lose for a correct guess and break even for an incorrect one). Performance on the reverse condition differed from all others, with Ss selecting the objectively more frequent event significantly less often. The difference resulted from the behavior of male externals and female internals, who predicted the less frequent event to avoid loss of chips. This is discussed within the framework of social learning theory.

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