Animal experimentation

1968 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Experimentation

A Review of Animal Experimentation—I

1912 ◽  
Vol 74 (1906supp) ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
W. B. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Animal Experimentation

Effects of Ellagic Acid upon the Rabbit Fibrinolytic System

1972 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 063-071
Author(s):  
S. G Iatridis ◽  
P. G Iatridis
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Ellagic Acid ◽  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Hageman Factor ◽  
Lysis Activity ◽  
Site Of Action

SummaryThe present investigation deals with in vivo studies of possible relations of active Hageman factor (HFa) to the problems of thrombolysis. The study is based upon animal experimentation in which 40 normal, 5 dicumarolized and 5 heparinized rabbits each received ellagic acid (Elac 10-2 M) by intravenous continuous infusion at a rate of 1 ml/min for a period of 25 min. The data suggest that the Elac infusion induced in vivo activation of HF. Streptokinase (SK) injection 25 min from the start of Elac i. v. infusion failed to induce clot lysis in blood drawn one min after its injection. The phenomenon was more prominent with low (SK 250 U or 500 U) concentrations of SK. With higher concentrations, SK-induced clot lysis activity was not affected by Elac infusion.In dicumarolized and heparinized rabbits Elac infusion still counteracted the fibrinolysis activating effect of low concentration of SK. The possibility that the above described phenomenon was due to either hypercoagulability or to a non-specific inhibitory effect of Elac upon SK was explored and excluded.It is concluded that HFa and SK have the same site of action. Thus it seems that HFa may block the precursor upon which SK acts by forming a complex with it. It is stressed that activation of this precursor by HFa requires a suitable surface.

The Use of Computers to Reduce Animal Experimentation in Pharmacology

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-276
Author(s):  
Ian E. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Information Retrieval ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Molecular Modelling ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
Literature Searching ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Teaching And Research

Computers are now used routinely as tools in pharmacology, particularly in the areas of teaching, data processing and collection, information retrieval and literature searching, and in molecular modelling and drug design. Their use in these areas has enhanced research activity and has extended and increased the availability of new teaching methods. Here, their impact on the use of animals in both teaching and research is discussed. It is concluded that computers may have some potential to reduce animal experimentation in the medium to long term, but their current use as alternatives to animals has made only a marginal impact on the total number of animals utilised for experimental purposes.

In Vitro Tests in Pharmacotoxicology: Can We Fill the Gap between Scientific Advances and Industrial Needs?

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-340
Author(s):  
Ravi Shrivastava
Keyword(s):  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Animal Protection ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
Industrial Needs ◽  
Industrial Economic

The use of in vitro alternatives in pharmacotoxicological research has been a subject of continuous discussion among scientists, regulatory authorities and animal protection groups. Despite the fact that the validity and reliability of different in vitro models for replacing whole-animal experimentation have been scientifically proved, the routine use of in vitro tests remains limited. In the current industrial economic climate, I believe that, despite the simplicity and the predictive powers of the proposed in vitro models, the unfavourable cost:benefit ratio of some of these tests will remain an important barrier to the universal acceptance of in vitro alternatives.

scholarly journals Law and the Laboratory: The British Vivisection Inspectorate in the 1890s

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-31
Author(s):  
Shira Shmuely
Keyword(s):  
Animal Experimentation ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Living Animal ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Law And Science ◽  
Scientific Facts ◽  
Cruelty To Animals ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gain Access

The 1876 British Cruelty to Animals Act introduced an unprecedented administrative system to supervise any experiment “calculated to give pain” to a living animal. The act, which was in force for a hundred years, established a tight system of control over animal experimentation, including a small, but vigorous, inspectorate. This article explores the relations between bureaucracy and the production of knowledge through the correspondences, memos, and notes taken by two principal inspectors under the act. The inspectors belonged to the worlds of both law and science. Coming from within the scientific profession, their close ties to medical social circles not only evoked critique but also helped them fulfill their tasks and gain access to research laboratories. Archival records examined here for the first time show that, although the inspectors downplayed animals’ pain in physiological laboratories, the inspectorate played an important role in shaping the experimental space and practice, thus facilitating the production of “ethical scientific facts.” The inspectors’ work modeled the new legal regime of animal experimentation regulation, making them indispensable agents in the act’s coproduction of knowledge and public order.

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