Short-Term Memory: List Length and The Isolation Effect

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Cimbalo
Keyword(s):  
List Length ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Isolation Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Isolation Effect: Overall List Facilitation and Debilitation in Short-Term Memory

1978 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Cimbalo ◽  
Bernadette I. Nowak ◽  
Carolyn Stringfield
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Isolation Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Rehearsal Grouping and Hierarchical Organization of Serial Position Cues in Short-Term Memory

1967 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Wickelgren
Keyword(s):  
Serial Position ◽  
List Length ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Hierarchical Organization ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
End Group

Lists of 8, 9, or 10 digits were presented at the rate of 1 digit/sec. to subjects instructed to rehearse silently the digits in non-overlapping groups of 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 digits, after hearing each digit. Subjects were instructed not to rehearse any digits outside the group currently being presented. Rehearsing in 3's was optimal, irrespective of list length. Both recall of items and recall of the correct positions of items improved from 1's to 2's to 3's. Recall of items declined very little from 3's to 4's to 5's, but recall of position declined sharply. Errors in positioning digits tended, above chance, to be in the same group or the same position in a different group. The results suggest that both item-to-item associations and serial position-to-item associations are formed in short-term memory, that only two or three serial position cues are used, but that these serial position cues can be hierarchically organized into a beginning, middle, and end group and a beginning, middle, and end position within a group.

scholarly journals A perceptual isolation effect in short-term memory

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Gumenik ◽  
Fay Rossman
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Isolation Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Isolation effect: Overall list facilitation in short-term memory

1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Cimbalo ◽  
Rosemary A. Capria ◽  
Linda L. Neider ◽  
Mary Ann C. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Isolation Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

The Isolation Effect in Children's Short Term Memory

1981 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard S. Cimbalo ◽  
Bernadette I. Nowak ◽  
Janet A. Soderstrom
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Isolation Effect ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

List length and single-trial short-term memory.

1969 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-241
Author(s):  
Donald A. Schumsky ◽  
Anthony F. Grasha ◽  
John Trinder ◽  
Charles L. Richman
Keyword(s):  
List Length ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Effects of list length on short-term memory

1967 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-311 ◽  
Author(s):  
James L. Phillips ◽  
Richard M. Shiffrin ◽  
Richard C. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
List Length ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Working, Declarative, and Procedural Memory in Children With Developmental Language Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 4162-4178
Author(s):  
Emily Jackson ◽  
Suze Leitão ◽  
Mary Claessen ◽  
Mark Boyes
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Spatial

Purpose Previous research into the working, declarative, and procedural memory systems in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) has yielded inconsistent results. The purpose of this research was to profile these memory systems in children with DLD and their typically developing peers. Method One hundred four 5- to 8-year-old children participated in the study. Fifty had DLD, and 54 were typically developing. Aspects of the working memory system (verbal short-term memory, verbal working memory, and visual–spatial short-term memory) were assessed using a nonword repetition test and subtests from the Working Memory Test Battery for Children. Verbal and visual–spatial declarative memory were measured using the Children's Memory Scale, and an audiovisual serial reaction time task was used to evaluate procedural memory. Results The children with DLD demonstrated significant impairments in verbal short-term and working memory, visual–spatial short-term memory, verbal declarative memory, and procedural memory. However, verbal declarative memory and procedural memory were no longer impaired after controlling for working memory and nonverbal IQ. Declarative memory for visual–spatial information was unimpaired. Conclusions These findings indicate that children with DLD have deficits in the working memory system. While verbal declarative memory and procedural memory also appear to be impaired, these deficits could largely be accounted for by working memory skills. The results have implications for our understanding of the cognitive processes underlying language impairment in the DLD population; however, further investigation of the relationships between the memory systems is required using tasks that measure learning over long-term intervals. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13250180

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