Recent research at the Yale University Children's Clinical Research Center has shown that fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) presents a continuum of effects on the central nervous system and is not restricted to severe symptoms such as mental retardation

1981 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Fetal Alcohol ◽  
Clinical Research Center ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Analysis of electrogenesis’ changes in mental retardation persons by using computer electroencephalography

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 249-265
Author(s):  
B. Lobasyuk ◽  
L. Bartsevich ◽  
A. Zamkovaya
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Theta Rhythm ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Beta Rhythms ◽  
The Brain

Justification. Mental retardation is a persistent decrease in human cognitive activity against the background of organic damage to the central nervous system. Neurophysiological diagnostics, in particular electroencephalography (EEG), most adequately reflects the morpho-functional state of the central nervous system, which is the basis of the mechanisms of mental activity, and the originality of the bioelectrical activity of the brain can be considered as the main indicator that determines a decrease in the level of intellectual development and, thereby, characterizes this state. This provision actualizes the search for highly informative indicators of the originality of the bioelectrical activity of the brain in children with intellectual disabilities. Purspose. With the use of periodometric analysis investigate EEG’s indicators and interhemispheric asymmetry of rhythms amplitudes in MR patients. Materials and methods. The EEG was recorded in a state of calm wakefulness with closed eyes with Neuron-Spectrum-2 electroencephalograph. Differences in indicators were tracked using the calculation of the coefficient of compliance (CC), EEG functional asymmetry coefficients in amplitude were determined, too. Results. It was revealed that in MR patients the amplitudes of the rhythms were greater than in healthy subjects. The greatest increase was determined in theta rhythm in the anterior temporal and posterior temporal leads in the left hemispheres. Duration indices in the delta, theta and alpha ranges of the EEG in mental retardation compared with the control group were increased, and the indices of the duration of beta rhythms - decreased. When analyzing FMPA in MR persons it turned out that in right-handers the negativeness of FMPA indices increased, and in left-handers there was an increase in the positivity of FMPA indices. Conclusions 1. With mental retardation, the amplitudes of the rhythms were greater than in healthy people. The greatest increase was determined in theta rhythm in the anterior temporal and posterior temporal leads in the left hemispheres. 2. The indices of duration in the delta, theta and alpha ranges of the EEG of MR subjects were increased, and the indices of the duration of beta rhythms – decreased. 3. When analyzing FMPA in MR persons, it turned out that in right-handers the negativeness of FMPA indices increased, and in left-handers there was an increase in the positivity of FMPA indices.

scholarly journals A tetrahidrobiopterin (BH4)-deficientia diagnosztikája és kezelése

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (48) ◽  
pp. 1897-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
János Bókay
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Mental Retardation ◽  
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Mild Form ◽  
Tetrahydrobiopterin Deficiency ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Phenylalanine Metabolism

Abstract: Since the initial breaking discovery of Følling that the severe neurological consequences of phenylketonuria could be prevented by use of low phenylalanine (Phe) diet, it has been shortly recognised that defective phenylalanine metabolism may also arise from the deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) cofactor, required for phenylalanine-hydroxylase activity. Furthermore, as BH4 is in Phe metabolism, it is also a cofactor for the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase and tryptophane hydroxylase, enzymes required for the synthesis of catecholamines and serotonin neurotransmitters. Besides hyperphenylalaninemia in patients with tetrahydrobiopterin deficiencies, dopamine and serotonin deficiencies, with different disorders of the central nervous system also develop. Mild form of tetrahydrobiopterin deficiency is rare, most of the patients have severe neurological abnormalities including progressive mental retardation if not treated properly. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential and can improve the clinical course and prognosis. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(48): 1897–1902.

Fetal alcohol syndrome: Craniofacial and central nervous system manifestations

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia P. Johnson ◽  
Victor W. Swayze ◽  
Yutaka Sato ◽  
Nancy C. Andreasen
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome ◽  
Fetal Alcohol
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