Optimism and Cardiovascular Reactivity to Psychological and Cold Pressor Stress

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Leake ◽  
◽  
A. W. Langer ◽  
C. E. Englund ◽  
M. Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Cold Pressor

scholarly journals State Anxiety Is Associated with Cardiovascular Reactivity in Young, Healthy African Americans

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mildred A. Pointer ◽  
Sadiqa Yancey ◽  
Ranim Abou-Chacra ◽  
Patricia Petrusi ◽  
Sandra J. Waters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Anxiety State ◽  
Stress Tests

Although several studies have shown that enhanced cardiovascular reactivity can predict hypertension development in African Americans, these findings have not been consistent among all studies examining reactivity and hypertension susceptibility. This inconsistency may be explained by the influence of anxiety (state and trait) on the blood pressure response to stress. Therefore, this study sought to determine whether anxiety is associated with blood pressure response to cold pressor (CP) and anger recall (AR) stress tests in young healthy African Americans. Modeling using state and trait anxiety revealed that state anxiety predicts systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure DBP response to CP and AR (P≤0.02). Interestingly, state anxiety predicted heart rate changes only to CP (P<0.01;P=0.3for AR). Although trait anxiety was associated with SBP response to AR and not CP, it was not a significant predictor of reactivity in our models. We conclude that anxiety levels may contribute to the variable blood pressure response to acute stressors and, therefore, should be assessed when performing cardiovascular reactivity measures.

EXERCISE AND FAMILIAL HYPERTENSION ON CARDIOVASCULAR REACTIVITY TO THE COLD PRESSOR TEST IN AFRICAN AMERICANS

2002 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. S112
Author(s):  
V Bond ◽  
P Vaccaro ◽  
R Blakely ◽  
D Williams ◽  
T O. Obisesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pressor Test

scholarly journals Total sleep deprivation alters cardiovascular reactivity to acute stressors in humans

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 903-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Yang ◽  
John J. Durocher ◽  
Robert A. Larson ◽  
Joseph P. DellaValla ◽  
Jason R. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Total Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Forearm Vascular Conductance

Exaggerated cardiovascular reactivity to mental stress (MS) and cold pressor test (CPT) has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Recent epidemiological studies identify sleep deprivation as an important risk factor for hypertension, yet the relations between sleep deprivation and cardiovascular reactivity remain equivocal. We hypothesized that 24-h total sleep deprivation (TSD) would augment cardiovascular reactivity to MS and CPT and blunt the MS-induced forearm vasodilation. Because the associations between TSD and hypertension appear to be stronger in women, a secondary aim was to probe for sex differences. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were recorded during MS and CPT in 28 young, healthy subjects (14 men and 14 women) after normal sleep (NS) and 24-h TSD (randomized, crossover design). Forearm vascular conductance (FVC) was recorded during MS. MAP, FVC, and MSNA ( n = 10) responses to MS were not different between NS and TSD (condition × time, P > 0.05). Likewise, MAP and MSNA ( n = 6) responses to CPT were not different between NS and TSD (condition × time, P > 0.05). In contrast, increases in HR during both MS and CPT were augmented after TSD (condition × time, P ≤ 0.05), and these augmented HR responses persisted during both recoveries. When analyzed for sex differences, cardiovascular reactivity to MS and CPT was not different between sexes (condition × time × sex, P > 0.05). We conclude that TSD does not significantly alter MAP, MSNA, or forearm vascular responses to MS and CPT. The augmented tachycardia responses during and after both acute stressors provide new insight regarding the emerging links among sleep deprivation, stress, and cardiovascular risk.

Gender does not influence sympathetic neural reactivity to stress in healthy humans

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. H350-H357 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. P. Jones ◽  
M. Spraul ◽  
K. S. Matt ◽  
D. R. Seals ◽  
J. S. Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Healthy Humans

Previous data support the idea of heightened sympathetically mediated cardiovascular reactivity in males. However, definitive conclusions cannot be made because of inconsistent reports, possibly stemming from imprecise measurement of sympathetic activity and/or failure to equate the stress stimuli between genders. The present study tested the hypothesis that males exhibit heightened sympathetic reactivity that is associated with heightened cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses. In 37 healthy adults (20 males, 17 females: age = 20-42 yr), direct recordings of skeletal muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA), plasma catecholamines, heart rate, blood pressure, and perceived stress were measured before and during three laboratory stressors (isometric handgrip, cold pressor, and mental arithmetic). MSNA, catecholamine, and cardiovascular reactivity (defined as change from rest) were not consistently different between genders. For the isometric handgrip, when expressed as absolute unit changes, males had larger MSNA responses (P < 0.01), which were partially explained by greater contraction force; they did not differ in terms of percent change from baseline or in perceived stress. The responses to the cold pressor and mental arithmetic tasks were similar between genders. These findings indicate that stress-evoked vasoconstrictor neural excitation and the associated increases in blood pressure are not consistently influenced by gender.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor test as a predictor of hypertension.

Hypertension ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 524-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Menkes ◽  
K A Matthews ◽  
D S Krantz ◽  
U Lundberg ◽  
L A Mead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Cold Pressor Test ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Pressor Test
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