Note on sex differences in cigarette smoking as related to situational factors.

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Elgerot
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Situational Factors

Race and Sex Differences in Lung Cancer Risk Associated with Cigarette Smoking

1993 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 592-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
RANDALL E HARRIS ◽  
EDITH A ZANG ◽  
JUDY I ANDERSON ◽  
ERNST L WYNDER
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk

Situational factors in cigarette smoking

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorothy K. Hatsukami ◽  
Steven F. Morgan ◽  
Roy W. Pickens ◽  
Stephen E. Champagne
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Situational Factors

scholarly journals Postural Activity During Use of a Head-Mounted Display: Sex Differences in the “Driver–Passenger” Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Curry ◽  
Nicolette Peterson ◽  
Ruixuan Li ◽  
Thomas A. Stoffregen
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Postural Activity ◽  
Virtual Vehicle

Motion sickness is common in virtual environments. The risk of motion sickness varies widely between individuals and across situations. The subjective experience of motion sickness often is preceded by distinctive patterns of movement in the control of head and body posture. Previous research has documented reliable sex differences in the kinematics of postural activity, as well as reliable differences in postural activity between participants who were in control of a virtual vehicle and participants who were not. We asked whether postural precursors of motion sickness would simultaneously be influenced by individual and situational factors. We analyzed movement of the head and torso while seated participants were exposed to a driving video game presented through a head-mounted display. Half of the participants were women, and half were men. Using a yoked-control design, half of the participants controlled the virtual vehicle (Drivers), whereas half watched previously recorded vehicle trajectories (Passengers). The maximum exposure duration was 15 min, but participants were instructed to discontinue participation immediately if they experienced any symptoms of motion sickness, however mild. We analyzed movement kinematics not only in terms of sex and vehicle control but also in terms of participants who did or did not report motion sickness. Movement differed between Drivers and Passengers, in terms of both the spatial magnitude and multifractality of movement. The spatial magnitude of movement was simultaneously influenced by sex (men vs. women) and vehicle control (Drivers vs. Passengers). In addition, in statistically significant interactions, we identified postural precursors of motion sickness that differed between Drivers and Passengers and, separately, between Drivers and Passengers as a function of sex. The results are consistent with a prediction of the postural instability theory of motion sickness etiology and shed new light on the multifactorial origins of postural precursors of motion sickness in virtual environments.

Sex differences in lung-cancer risk associated with cigarette smoking

1993 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Osann ◽  
Hoda Anton-Culver ◽  
Tom Kurosaki ◽  
Thomas Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Lung Cancer Risk
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