Validation of the military Entrance Physical Strength Capacity Test.

Evaluation of the Military Entrance Physical Strength Capacity Test (E- MEPSCAT)

10.21236/ada166582 ◽

1985 ◽

Author(s):

Sally J. VAN Nostrand ◽

Marcia E. Thompson ◽

George J. Captain

Keyword(s):

Physical Strength ◽

Strength Capacity ◽

The Military

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Contextual Factors that Heighten Interest in Coalitional Alliances with Men Possessing Formidable Facial Structures

10.31234/osf.io/y5crb ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mitch Brown ◽

Donald F. Sacco ◽

Nicole Barbaro ◽

Kelsey Drea

Keyword(s):

Contextual Factors ◽

Height Ratio ◽

Physical Strength ◽

Intergroup Interactions ◽

Fighting Ability ◽

The Social ◽

Creativity Studies ◽

The Military ◽

Coalitional Value

Individuals use facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) to infer dominance and fighting ability of others. We hypothesized that broad assessments of target formidability from fWHR would form a basis for determining men’s coalitional value, with high-fWHR men being especially valuable in roles requiring physical strength. Across five studies (N=1,445), we identified the social affordance of male facial structures connoting formidability and how judgments influence coalitional decisions. In addition to replicating previous findings indicating high-fWHR men are more desirable for tasks requiring physical strength, we found that such men are aversive for tasks requiring creativity (Studies 1 and 2). High-fWHR men were additionally perceived as more effective in combat roles in the military (Study 3). Finally, in two pre-registered studies, we found that activation of competitive motivations heightens individuals’ interest in formidable allies during intergroup interactions (Study 4), but not interest in approaching them (Study 5). We interpret findings using evolutionary and social affordance theories and discuss hypothesized ancestral origins of selecting formidable allies.

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Amazonian Landscapes : Gender, War, and Historical Repetition

The Geography of War and Peace ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195162080.003.0013 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Lorraine Dowler

Keyword(s):

Gender Roles ◽

Exceptional Case ◽

Home Front ◽

Physical Strength ◽

Military Equipment ◽

Contemporary Life ◽

And Gender ◽

The One ◽

The Military

It has been speculated that legends and myths are usually born out of everyday life. Surprisingly, it could be argued that the legend of the Amazons mirrors contemporary life in that women who actively participate in warfare are considered “out of place” with the normative landscape. As Enloe argues, the Amazonian world is a place apart, where gender roles are inverted, or worse, “what is wrong about the Amazons is not only that they are women who fight using military equipment and tactics, but that they live without men.” However, unlike the Amazons, Western societies are comforted by men being the soldiers, warriors, and heroes of war, while women are either victims or seraphic icons of war. As a society, we are consoled by nurturing images of women in the role of nurses on the battlefield or, most important, as champions of the home front. Cock contends that when people go to war, they do so specifically as men and women, rather than in nationalist solidarity. She argues that the military, as a masculine power structure, actually magnifies how masculinity and femininity are defined within society. This seems to hold constant even in the exceptional case of the Amazons. Many feminists argue that throughout history representations of these female warriors have been dichotomous in nature. On the one hand, Amazonian images mark women’s emotional and physical strength while simultaneously rendering them erotic, thereby reinforcing men’s virility. As Kleinbaum argued, “As surely as no spider’s web was built for the glorification of flies, the Amazon idea was not designed to enhance women.” In his book War and Gender Goldstein details some popular representations of the myth to illustrate this point. In the 1931 play The Warrior’s Husband, Katharine Hepburn’s portrayal of the warrior queen Antiope radically challenged contemporary understandings of gender roles of her time. However, the play’s reviews overlooked these questions of identity in favor of essentializing Hepburn’s body with such statements as the play where “she first bared her lovely legs.”

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Democrazy—Dem Go Craze, O: Monitoring the 1999 Nigerian Elections

Issue A Journal of Opinion ◽

10.1017/s1548450500005862 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

Darren Kew

Keyword(s):

Transition Program ◽

The Political ◽

High Stakes ◽

Political Class ◽

Soccer Match ◽

The Public ◽

The Military

In many respects, the least important part of the 1999 elections were the elections themselves. From the beginning of General Abdusalam Abubakar’s transition program in mid-1998, most Nigerians who were not part of the wealthy “political class” of elites—which is to say, most Nigerians— adopted their usual politically savvy perspective of siddon look (sit and look). They waited with cautious optimism to see what sort of new arrangement the military would allow the civilian politicians to struggle over, and what in turn the civilians would offer the public. No one had any illusions that anything but high-stakes bargaining within the military and the political class would determine the structures of power in the civilian government. Elections would influence this process to the extent that the crowd influences a soccer match.

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