Legibility of text as a function of color combinations and viewing distance.

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars-Goeran Nilsson ◽  
Kjell Ohlsson ◽  
Jerker Roennberg
Keyword(s):  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Color Combinations

Monitor Viewing Distance for Younger and Older Workers

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Charness ◽  
Katinka Dijkstra ◽  
Tiffany Jastrzembski ◽  
Sallie Weaver ◽  
Michael Champion
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Viewing Distance

Using watermark visibility measurements to select an optimized pair of spot colors for use in a binary watermark

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (15) ◽  
pp. 197-1-197-7
Author(s):  
Alastair Reed ◽  
Vlado Kitanovski ◽  
Kristyn Falkenstern ◽  
Marius Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Human Observer ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Complementary Color ◽  
Low Visibility ◽  
Packaging Industry ◽  
Spot Color ◽  
Selection Of

Spot colors are widely used in the food packaging industry. We wish to add a watermark signal within a spot color that is readable by a Point Of Sale (POS) barcode scanner which typically has red illumination. Some spot colors such as blue, black and green reflect very little red light and are difficult to modulate with a watermark at low visibility to a human observer. The visibility measurements that have been made with the Digimarc watermark enables the selection of a complementary color to the base color which can be detected by a POS barcode scanner but is imperceptible at normal viewing distance.

About the Development of Brick-Design in Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 787 (12) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Y.A. Bozhko ◽  
◽  
K.A. Lapunova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Role ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Design Development ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Unique Material ◽  
Decisive Action ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Insufficient Number

The article reflects the authors view on the technical and aesthetic side of the use of face bricks in the architecture of our country. The term brick design combines such indicators of brickwork as the color, size and surface of the brick itself, as well as the type of masonry and seam parameters. Unfortunately, the analysis of the current situation shows that the culture of consumption of face bricks in Russia remains at a low level, which is due to the lack of proper knowledge and insufficient number of qualified master masons. The main goal of brick design development is to popularize various types of three-dimensional masonry and reveal the potential of using bricks as a basic unit. The comparison shows the architecture of European cities, which does not differ in the complexity of architectural forms, but has advantages in the form of unusual masonry, color combinations, vertical direction of masonry and other elements of technical aesthetics. The use of bricks in various levels of brick design will allow you to avoid using architectural decoration on the facades of buildings, while preserving its authenticity and individuality. The brick, as a basic unit, is self-sufficient and is able to fulfill not only its functional role, but also its aesthetic one. In this situation, a necessary and decisive action will be competent communication with industry specialists, architects and designers, leading manufacturers and technologists who realize that we have a unique material that does not need additional wrapping when used efficiently.

Evaluation and Comparison of Artificial Intelligence Vision Aids: Orcam MyEye 1 and Seeing AI

2021 ◽  
pp. 0145482X2110274
Author(s):  
Christina Granquist ◽  
Susan Y. Sun ◽  
Sandra R. Montezuma ◽  
Tu M. Tran ◽  
Rachel Gage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Light Level ◽  
Viewing Distance ◽  
Light Perception ◽  
Time To Completion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Text Reading ◽  
Size Contrast

Introduction: We compared the print-to-speech properties and human performance characteristics of two artificial intelligence vision aids, Orcam MyEye 1 (a portable device) and Seeing AI (an iPhone and iPad application). Methods: There were seven participants with visual impairments who had no experience with the two reading aids. Four participants had no light perception. Two individuals with measurable acuity and one with light perception were tested while blindfolded. We also tested performance with text of varying appearance in varying viewing conditions. To evaluate human performance, we asked the participants to use the devices to attempt 12 reading tasks similar to activities of daily living. We assessed the ranges of text attributes for which reading was possible, such as print size, contrast, and light level. We also assessed if individuals could complete tasks with the devices and measured accuracy and completion time. Participants also completed a survey concerning the two aids. Results: Both aids achieved greater than 95% accuracy in text recognition for flat, plain word documents and ranged from 13 to 57% accuracy for formatted text on curved surfaces. Both aids could read print sizes as small as 0.8M (20/40 Snellen equivalent, 40 cm viewing distance). Individuals successfully completed 71% and 55% ( p = .114) of tasks while using Orcam MyEye 1 and Seeing AI, respectively. There was no significant difference in time to completion of tasks ( p = .775). Individuals believed both aids would be helpful for daily activities. Discussion: Orcam MyEye 1 and Seeing AI had similar text-reading capability and usability. Both aids were useful to users with severe visual impairments in performing reading tasks. Implications for Practitioners: Selection of a reading device or aid should be based on individual preferences and prior familiarity with the platform, since we found no clear superiority of one solution over the other.

Effectiveness of Green Warning Lights with Different Flashing Patterns for Winter Maintenance Operations

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110081
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Fakhrmoosavi ◽  
Ramin Saedi ◽  
Farish Jazlan ◽  
Ali Zockaie ◽  
Mehrnaz Ghamami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
Warning Light ◽  
Rigorous Study ◽  
Static Versus Dynamic ◽  
Color Combinations ◽  
Warning Lights ◽  
Pavement Friction

Snow removal activities are performed by roadway agencies to enhance winter mobility and safety. Slower travel speeds during these operations, combined with low visibility and reduced pavement friction, mean that safety and collision avoidance remain a persistent concern. Many studies have implemented signing and lighting technologies to improve the visibility of snowplows. Although a few studies have evaluated the use of different colors on snowplows, there is no rigorous study that evaluates the potential impacts of using green warning lights for winter maintenance operations. This study, therefore, investigates the impacts of various warning light configurations on the visibility of snowplows, with the focus on green lights. To this end, 37 warning light configurations are designed using various color combinations (green and amber), and flashing patterns (single and quad) on the back (LED), the top (beacon), or both, of snowplows. These configurations are evaluated to identify the most effective configurations. Three sets of experiments are designed and implemented: static, dynamic, and weather to evaluate the visibility effectiveness in different contexts: day versus night, clear versus snowy weather, and static versus dynamic scenarios. Human subjects are employed to conduct the experiments and the test results are evaluated using statistical analyses. The conspicuity during the day time and glare during the night time are statistically different among various configurations. In addition, adding green lights with a single flash pattern to amber warning lights improves the conspicuity, while keeping the glare at an acceptable level relative to configurations using only amber.

Dependence of Anomaloscope Matching on Viewing Distance or Field Size

Nature ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 160 (4053) ◽  
pp. 23-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. HORNER ◽  
E. T. PURSLOW
Keyword(s):  
Field Size ◽  
Viewing Distance
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