Schematization of the self with regard to personality dimensions and causal attribution of other people's behaviors to personality traits.

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Smari
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Causal Attribution ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personality Dimensions

Models of Personality Development in Emerging Adulthood

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Pratt ◽  
M. Kyle Matsuba
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personal Goals ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 2 reviews research and theory on the life story and its development and relations to other aspects of personality. The authors introduce the integrative framework of McAdams and Pals, who described three levels in a broad model of personality: personality traits; personal goals, values, and projects; and the unique life story, which provides a degree of unity and purpose to the individual’s life. This narrative, which develops in late adolescence and emerging adulthood, as individuals become able to author their own stories, includes key scenes of emotional and personal importance to provide a sense of continuity, while remaining flexible and dynamic in incorporating changes in the self over time. The chapter ends with a description of Alison, an emerging adult from our Canadian Futures Study, who illustrates these levels and what they tell about personality development during this period.

Self–Other Knowledge Asymmetry (SOKA) Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn L. Bollich-Ziegler
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
The Self ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Knowledge Asymmetry ◽  
Blind Spots

Despite the strong intuition that people know themselves well, much research in self-perception demonstrates the biases present when evaluating one’s own personality traits. What specifically are these blind spots in self-perceptions? Are self-perceptions always disconnected from reality? And under what circumstances might other people actually be more accurate about the self? The self–other knowledge asymmetry (SOKA) model suggests that because individuals and others differ in their susceptibility to biases or motivations and in the information they have access to, self- and other-knowledge will vary by trait. The present chapter outlines when and why other-perceptions are sometimes more accurate than self-perceptions, as well as when self-reports can be most trusted. Also discussed are next steps in the study of self- and other-knowledge, including practical, methodological, and interdisciplinary considerations and extensions. In sum, this chapter illustrates the importance of taking multiple perspectives in order to accurately understand a person.

Psychographic segmentation of the self-employed: An exploratory study

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Kenney ◽  
Art Weinstein
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Nominal Group Technique ◽  
The Self ◽  
Nominal Group ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Group Technique

Although it is well established in the academic literature that entrepreneurs share common traits, there has been limited research dedicated to evaluating psychographic profiles of the self-employed. Using the Nominal Group Technique, the authors gleaned insight from a panel of experts in an effort to segment the self-employed based on personality traits and the benefits they receive from an entrepreneurial career. The findings show that self-employed individuals can be classified into four distinct segments: Exemplars, Generals, Moms and Dads, and Altruists. Each group derives different benefits from self-employment. Understanding these benefits can greatly assist entrepreneurship educators and marketers of small business oriented products and services.

Brand personality of fabric content: an application of the multidimensional implicit association test (md-IAT)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Eun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Implicit Association Test ◽  
Brand Personality ◽  
Association Test ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Implicit Association ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Personality Traits

Purpose This study aims to explore whether fabric contents, specifically cotton and polyester, possess particular personality dimensions, as posited by Aaker (1997). The author examined both explicit (conscious, deliberate) and implicit (unconscious, automatic) perceptions of brand personality traits of cotton and polyester. Design/methodology/approach The convenience sample of this study included 51 students from different merchandising classes in a Midwestern university. Participants were first directed to the multidimensional implicit association test (md-IAT) and their implicit perceptions were measured for the content of the two fabrics (cotton and polyester) on five different personality attribute dimensions (sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication and ruggedness). After the IAT, participants completed the post-IAT survey, including explicit measures of brand personality attributes of cotton and polyester. Findings The findings of this study show that fabric contents can be successfully described and differentiated by Aaker’s brand personality dimensions. Compared with polyester, the distinctive brand personality of cotton was the favorable association between cotton and sincerity. This association was significantly higher than all other personality dimensions in both consumers’ implicit and explicit perceptions. Neither cotton nor polyester was significantly associated with the exciting, competent and sophisticated personality dimensions. Originality/value A unique contribution of this study is that it examines implicit perceptions of the brand personality traits of cotton and polyester. The use of the md-IAT in this study allowed the assessment of consumers’ automatic associations with cotton and polyester of which they may not be aware.

scholarly journals Personality development from 12 to 18 years of age: changes in mean levels and structure of traits

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 445-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jüri Allik ◽  
Kaia Laidra ◽  
Anu Realo ◽  
Helle Pullmann
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
The Self ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Personality ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Change In The Mean ◽  
The Mean

The Estonian NEO‐FFI was administered to 2650 Estonian adolescents (1420 girls and 1230 boys) aged from 12 to 18 years and attending 6th, 8th, 10th, or 12th grade at secondary schools all over Estonia. Although the mean levels of personality traits of Estonian adolescents were quite similar to the respective scores of Estonian adults, there was a developmental gap in Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Three of the five personality dispositions demonstrated a modest cross‐sectional change in the mean level of the trait scores: the level of Openness increased and the levels of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness decreased between 12 and 18 years of age. Although the five‐factor structure of personality was already recognizable in the sample of 12‐year‐old children, it demonstrated only an approximate congruence with the adult structure, suggesting that not all children of that age have developed abilities required for observing one's own personality dispositions and for giving reliable self‐reports on the basis of these observations. The self‐reported personality trait structure matures and becomes sufficiently differentiated around age 14–15 and grows to be practically indistinguishable from adult personality by the age of 16. Personality of adolescents becomes more differentiated with age: along with the growth of mental capacities the correlations among the personality traits and intelligence become smaller. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

scholarly journals The assessment of effects of partialling out of socially desirable responding variance on personality traits scores in instructed applicant situations

Psihologija ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-321
Author(s):  
Goran Opacic ◽  
Tatjana Mentus
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Personality Inventory ◽  
Scale Structure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Socially Desirable Responding ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Fake Good

The aim of this study was to examine the extent to which the socially desirable responding (SDR) distorts results of HEDONICA personaliy inventory (acronim based on eight dimensions of this inventory: Honesty, Disintegration, Impulsiveness, Openness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness). The inventory HEDONICA was merged with components of the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) as a control inventory and was administered to a sample of 227 students under two experimental situations/ contexts, operationalized by two instructions: the standard (S) one (such as ?be honest?) and the ?fake good? (FG) one (such as ?portray yourself in a most positive way?). Comparing scores in S and FG situations by using MANOVA, a clear distortion on all personality traits in socially desirable directions were evidenced. When, however, the BIDR subscales in the FG situation were entered into MANOVA as covariates, differences between personality scores in S and FG sitautions were considerably reduced, and became statistically insignificant on five personality dimensions. When the variance of dimensions of the BIDR inventory was removed from the variance of HEDONICA traits in FG situation, the change between intercorrelations of personality dimensions in S and FG situations did not attain statistical significance. This lead to the conclusion that the SDR bias, if even does affect test results (i.e., enhances scores in FG situation), does not affect the scale structure and predictive validity of the examined personality inventory.

Assertiveness and Personality Dimensions in Chinese Students

1994 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Nicholas Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Chinese Students ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Chinese Sample

In a Chinese sample of 208 the Big Five personality traits profile was compared for 104 assertive and 104 nonassertive students. While assertiveness was associated with higher scores on Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness, Nonassertiveness was associated with greater scores on Agreeableness and Conscientiousness. Implications of the findings for cross-cultural counselling were highlighted.

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