Parental drinking stunts brain growth in alcoholic kids, study suggests

2007 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Growth ◽  
Parental Drinking

209-OR: ADA Presidents' Select Abstract: Type 1 Diabetes and the Developing Brain—A Longitudinal Study of Brain Growth by the Diabetes Research in Children Network (DirecNet)

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 209-OR ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA MARIA ARBELAEZ ◽  
STEFANI O’DONOGHUE ◽  
NELLY MAURAS ◽  
BRUCE A. BUCKINGHAM ◽  
NEIL H. WHITE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Developing Brain ◽  
Diabetes Research ◽  
Brain Growth ◽  
Select Abstract

Perinatal Ontogeny of Brain Growth in the Domestic Pig

2000 ◽  
Vol 223 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Pond ◽  
S. L. Boleman ◽  
M. L. Fiorotto ◽  
H. Ho ◽  
D. A. Knabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Growth ◽  
Domestic Pig

scholarly journals Cognitive Issues in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 442
Author(s):  
Emilio Portaccio ◽  
Ermelinda De Meo ◽  
Angelo Bellinvia ◽  
Maria Pia Amato
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Brain Growth ◽  
Network Activation ◽  
Definition Of

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the leading causes of disability in young adults. The onset of MS during developmental age makes pediatric patients particularly susceptible to cognitive impairment, resulting from both disease-related damage and failure of age-expected brain growth. Despite different test batteries and definitions, cognitive impairment has been consistently reported in approximately one-third of pediatric patients with MS. However, the lack of a uniform definition of cognitive impairment and the adoption of different test batteries have led to divergent results in terms of cognitive domains more frequently affected across the cohorts explored. This heterogeneity has hampered large international collaborative studies. Moreover, research aimed at the identification of risk factors (e.g., demographic, clinical, and radiological features) or protective factors (e.g., cognitive reserve, leisure activities) for cognitive decline is still scanty. Mood disorders, such as depression and anxiety, can be detected in these patients alongside cognitive decline or in isolation, and can negatively affect quality of life scores as well as academic performances. By using MRI, cognitive impairment was attributed to damage to specific brain compartments as well as to abnormal network activation patterns. However, multimodal MRI studies are still needed in order to assess the contribution of each MRI metric to cognitive impairment. Importantly, longitudinal studies have recently demonstrated failure of age-expected brain growth and of white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) maturation plays a relevant role in determining cognitive dysfunction, in addition to MS-related direct damage. Whether these growth retardations might result in specific cognitive profiles according to the age at disease onset has not been studied, yet. A better characterization of cognitive profiles in pediatric MS patients, as well as the definition of neuroanatomical substrates of cognitive impairment and their longitudinal evolution are needed to develop efficient therapeutic strategies against cognitive impairment in this patient population.

scholarly journals Neuroplacentology in congenital heart disease: placental connections to neurodevelopmental outcomes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Leon ◽  
Imran N. Mir ◽  
Christina L. Herrera ◽  
Kavita Sharma ◽  
Catherine Y. Spong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Brain Growth ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcomes ◽  
Fetal Brain Development ◽  
And Function

Abstract Children with congenital heart disease (CHD) are living longer due to effective medical and surgical management. However, the majority have neurodevelopmental delays or disorders. The role of the placenta in fetal brain development is unclear and is the focus of an emerging field known as neuroplacentology. In this review, we summarize neurodevelopmental outcomes in CHD and their brain imaging correlates both in utero and postnatally. We review differences in the structure and function of the placenta in pregnancies complicated by fetal CHD and introduce the concept of a placental inefficiency phenotype that occurs in severe forms of fetal CHD, characterized by a myriad of pathologies. We propose that in CHD placental dysfunction contributes to decreased fetal cerebral oxygen delivery resulting in poor brain growth, brain abnormalities, and impaired neurodevelopment. We conclude the review with key areas for future research in neuroplacentology in the fetal CHD population, including (1) differences in structure and function of the CHD placenta, (2) modifiable and nonmodifiable factors that impact the hemodynamic balance between placental and cerebral circulations, (3) interventions to improve placental function and protect brain development in utero, and (4) the role of genetic and epigenetic influences on the placenta–heart–brain connection. Impact Neuroplacentology seeks to understand placental connections to fetal brain development. In fetuses with CHD, brain growth abnormalities begin in utero. Placental microstructure as well as perfusion and function are abnormal in fetal CHD.

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