Adaptive training of manual control: Performance measurement intervals and task characteristics.

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Ricard ◽  
D. A. Norman
Keyword(s):  
Performance Measurement ◽  
Manual Control ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Adaptive Training ◽  
And Task

Assessing pragmatic competence in oral proficiency interviews at the C1 level with the new CEFR descriptors

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-121
Author(s):  
Bárbara Eizaga-Rebollar ◽  
Cristina Heras-Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Oral Proficiency ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
The Common ◽  
Task Descriptions ◽  
Oral Proficiency Interviews ◽  
Task Types ◽  
And Task

AbstractThe study of pragmatic competence has gained increasing importance within second language assessment over the last three decades. However, its study in L2 language testing is still scarce. The aim of this paper is to research the extent to which pragmatic competence as defined by the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) has been accommodated in the task descriptions and rating scales of two of the most popular Oral Proficiency Interviews (OPIs) at a C1 level: Cambridge’s Certificate in Advanced English (CAE) and Trinity’s Integrated Skills in English (ISE) III. To carry out this research, OPI tests are first defined, highlighting their differences from L2 pragmatic tests. After pragmatic competence in the CEFR is examined, focusing on the updates in the new descriptors, CAE and ISE III formats, structure and task characteristics are compared, showing that, while the formats and some characteristics are found to differ, the structures and task types are comparable. Finally, we systematically analyse CEFR pragmatic competence in the task skills and rating scale descriptors of both OPIs. The findings show that the task descriptions incorporate mostly aspects of discourse and design competence. Additionally, we find that each OPI is seen to prioritise different aspects of pragmatic competence within their rating scale, with CAE focusing mostly on discourse competence and fluency, and ISE III on functional competence. Our study shows that the tests fail to fully accommodate all aspects of pragmatic competence in the task skills and rating scales, although the aspects they do incorporate follow the CEFR descriptors on pragmatic competence. It also reveals a mismatch between the task competences being tested and the rating scale. To conclude, some research lines are proposed.

scholarly journals Human manual control precision depends on vestibular sensory precision and gravitational magnitude

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 3187-3197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marissa J. Rosenberg ◽  
Raquel C. Galvan-Garza ◽  
Torin K. Clark ◽  
David P. Sherwood ◽  
Laurence R. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manual Control ◽  
Control Performance ◽  
Control Task ◽  
Altered Gravity ◽  
Control Precision ◽  
Functional Implications ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Human Exploration ◽  
Roll Tilt

Precise motion control is critical to human survival on Earth and in space. Motion sensation is inherently imprecise, and the functional implications of this imprecision are not well understood. We studied a “vestibular” manual control task in which subjects attempted to keep themselves upright with a rotational hand controller (i.e., joystick) to null out pseudorandom, roll-tilt motion disturbances of their chair in the dark. Our first objective was to study the relationship between intersubject differences in manual control performance and sensory precision, determined by measuring vestibular perceptual thresholds. Our second objective was to examine the influence of altered gravity on manual control performance. Subjects performed the manual control task while supine during short-radius centrifugation, with roll tilts occurring relative to centripetal accelerations of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.33 GC (1 GC = 9.81 m/s2). Roll-tilt vestibular precision was quantified with roll-tilt vestibular direction-recognition perceptual thresholds, the minimum movement that one can reliably distinguish as leftward vs. rightward. A significant intersubject correlation was found between manual control performance (defined as the standard deviation of chair tilt) and thresholds, consistent with sensory imprecision negatively affecting functional precision. Furthermore, compared with 1.0 GC manual control was more precise in 1.33 GC (−18.3%, P = 0.005) and less precise in 0.5 GC (+39.6%, P < 0.001). The decrement in manual control performance observed in 0.5 GC and in subjects with high thresholds suggests potential risk factors for piloting and locomotion, both on Earth and during human exploration missions to the moon (0.16 G) and Mars (0.38 G). NEW & NOTEWORTHY The functional implications of imprecise motion sensation are not well understood. We found a significant correlation between subjects’ vestibular perceptual thresholds and performance in a manual control task (using a joystick to keep their chair upright), consistent with sensory imprecision negatively affecting functional precision. Furthermore, using an altered-gravity centrifuge configuration, we found that manual control precision was improved in “hypergravity” and degraded in “hypogravity.” These results have potential relevance for postural control, aviation, and spaceflight.

scholarly journals Burnout Syndrome and the Work Design of Education and Health Care Professionals

Psico-USF ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-303
Author(s):  
Mary Sandra Carlotto ◽  
Gardênia da Silva Abbad ◽  
Marina Greghi Sticca ◽  
Maria Nivalda de Carvalho-Freitas ◽  
Marcos Santos de Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Work Design ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Work Redesign ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Brazilian Version ◽  
And Task

Abstract This study aimed to identify the predictive power of the Work Design (WD) variables on Burnout Syndrome (BS). The sample consisted of 300 professionals, 188 from the field of education and 112 from health care. Two instruments were used in this research, a reduced version of the Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ) and the Brazilian version of the Spanish Burnout Syndrome Inventory (SBI). The results showed that in both professional categories, the factors of work design are predictors of the 4 dimensions of BS, especially factors related to social and task characteristics. In the education field, characteristics of knowledge required by work appear as predictors of only psychological exhaustion; and in health care professionals, as predictors of psychological exhaustion and decreased Enthusiasm towards the job. Implications of these findings will be discussed in terms of their applicability in interventions to prevent BS based on work redesign actions.

Taking officer time seriously

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew DeMichele ◽  
Brian Payne
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Time And Motion Study ◽  
Time And Motion ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
Motion Study ◽  
Evidence Based Model ◽  
And Task

We use a time and motion study to understand how probation officers spend their time. What officers spend their time doing and whom they spend their time with demonstrates a deeper symbolic meaning of how the convicted should be treated, what is believed effective to change behavior, and informs the community about definitions of public safety. Explicitly studying officer time is a neglected area of research. We model a count variable of minutes per task as a function of offender, offense, and task characteristics using zero-truncated negative binomial regressions. Results show that officers spend significantly more time with higher-risk offenders, mixed results regarding domestic violence and sex offenders, and significantly less time with older and black probationers. Our intentions are to delve deeper into how officers spend their time to contribute to the development of an evidence-based model of corrections.

Selective Influence of Circadian Modulation and Task Characteristics on Motor Imagery Time

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula Debarnot ◽  
Djafar Sahraoui ◽  
Stéphane Champely ◽  
Christian Collet ◽  
Aymeric Guillot
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Task Characteristics ◽  
Selective Influence ◽  
And Task
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