Wanting to be better, but thinking you can't: The role of implicit beliefs in self-discrepancy theory

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette M. Renaud ◽  
Allen R. McConnell
Keyword(s):  
Implicit Beliefs ◽  
Discrepancy Theory ◽  
Self Discrepancy

Self, Career, and Gender Issues

2013 ◽  
pp. 79-111
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Contract ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Gender Role Conflict ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Discrepancy Theory ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Self Discrepancy

This chapter aims to: demonstrate the role of individual differences; identify how issues of the self, such as self-efficacy and self-esteem, can influence women’s career choice and career outcomes; discuss self-discrepancy theory in relation to gender role conflict in the workplace; evaluate if high self-esteem and self-efficacy can be advantageous to women working in male dominated occupations and industries; describe how internalised self-view, may contribute to gendered occupational segregation; and discuss the concept of the psychological contract and job satisfaction.

When Being Discrepant from One's Ideal or Ought Selves Hurts: The Moderating Role of Neuroticism

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Y. Hong ◽  
Widyasari Triyono ◽  
Pearlyn S. Ong
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Possible Selves ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Partial Support ◽  
Discrepancy Theory ◽  
Mediating Mechanisms ◽  
Self Discrepancy ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Over Time

Self–discrepancy theory posits that people experience emotional consequences when they perceive discrepancies between their actual and possible selves. However, the extent to which people react emotionally to these self–discrepancies (i.e. ideal, ought and undesired) may be a function of individual differences in neuroticism. Across both experimental (Study 1; N = 155) and correlational designs (Study 2; N = 139) involving college students, the authors demonstrated that neuroticism moderated the discrepancy–emotion associations such that high–neuroticism individuals showed elevated depression and anxiety symptoms when their self–discrepancies were activated. The heightened symptoms were maintained over time. Negative repetitive thoughts (i.e. rumination and worry) were examined as potential mediating mechanisms between the discrepancy × neuroticism interaction and symptoms. Partial support was obtained in that rumination mediated between undesired discrepancy × neuroticism interaction and anxious/depressive symptoms. Implications and possible theoretical extensions for self–discrepancy theory are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Role of Self-Discrepancy Theory in Understanding Post–Traumatic Brain Injury Affective Disorders

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua B. Cantor ◽  
Teresa A. Ashman ◽  
Michael E. Schwartz ◽  
Wayne A. Gordon ◽  
Mary R. Hibbard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Discrepancy Theory ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Self Discrepancy

Precompetition Self-Confidence: The Role of the Self

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Beattie ◽  
Lew Hardy ◽  
Tim Woodman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
The Self ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Discrepancy Theory ◽  
Hierarchical Multiple Regression ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
Cognitive Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Self Discrepancy

Higgins’ (1987) self-discrepancy theory holds that certain emotions occur as a result of discrepancies between pairs of psychological entities called self-guides. The present study explored self-discrepancies in self-confidence in relation to performance and cognitive anxiety. Slalom canoeists (n = 81) reported ideal, ought, and feared levels of self-confidence 3 hours before a national ranking slalom tournament. Within a half-hour of the start of the race, canoeists reported their actual self-confidence and cognitive anxiety levels. Hierarchical multiple-regression analyses revealed that self-discrepancies predicted significantly more performance variance than actual self-confidence alone. Additionally, hierarchical multiple-regression analyses revealed that, contrary to the specific predictions of self-discrepancy theory, ideal and feared discrepancies (not “ought” and “feared” discrepancies) significantly predicted cognitive anxiety. Additional findings, implications, and directions for further research into the nature of the self in sport are discussed.

Self-discrepancy theory as a transdiagnostic framework: A meta-analysis of self-discrepancy and psychopathology.

2019 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler B. Mason ◽  
Kathryn E. Smith ◽  
Allison Engwall ◽  
Alisson Lass ◽  
Michael Mead ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Discrepancy Theory ◽  
Self Discrepancy

scholarly journals Examining the role of self-discrepancy and self-directed style in bulimia nervosa

2016 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler B. Mason ◽  
Carolyn M. Pearson ◽  
Jason M. Lavender ◽  
Stephen A. Wonderlich ◽  
Ross D. Crosby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Self Discrepancy

Self-Discrepancy and Regulatory Focus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tory Higgins ◽  
Emily Nakkawita
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Regulatory Focus Theory ◽  
Discrepancy Theory ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Promotion System ◽  
Fundamental Needs ◽  
Self Discrepancy ◽  
Focus Theory

Self-discrepancy theory and regulatory focus theory are two related motivational theories. Self-discrepancy theory describes the associations between self and affect, positing that the relations among different sets of self-concepts influence a person’s emotional experience. A discrepancy between a person’s ideal self-guide (e.g., hopes and aspirations) and his or her actual self-concept produces dejection-related emotions (e.g., sadness), whereas a discrepancy between a person’s ought self-guide (e.g., duties and obligations) and his or her actual self-concept produces agitation-related emotions (e.g., anxiety). The intensity of these emotional experiences depends upon the magnitude and accessibility of the associated discrepancy. Regulatory focus theory builds on self-discrepancy theory, positing that distinct self-regulatory systems are reflected in the two types of self-guides proposed in self-discrepancy theory. The promotion system is motivated by ideal end-states, by pursuing hopes and aspirations; as a result, it is primarily concerned with the presence or absence of positive outcomes—with gains and non-gains. Given this focus on gains and non-gains, the promotion system is motivated by fundamental needs for nurturance and growth. In contrast, the prevention system is motivated by ought end-states, by fulfilling duties and obligations; as a result, it is primarily concerned with the presence or absence of negative outcomes—with losses and non-losses. Given this focus on losses and non-losses, the prevention system is motivated by fundamental needs for safety and security. The promotion and prevention systems predict a range of important variables relating to cognition, performance, and decision-making.

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