Notes: NCI Workshop Identifies Strategies and Priorities for Biomarker Discovery

Background: Precision medicine puts forward customized healthcare for cancer patients. An important way to accomplish this task is to stratify patients into those who may respond to a treatment and those who may not. For this purpose, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers have been pursued. Objective: This review focuses on novel approaches and concepts of exploring biomarker discovery under the circumstances that technologies are developed, and data are accumulated for precision medicine. Results: The traditional mechanism-driven functional biomarkers have the advantage of actionable insights, while data-driven computational biomarkers can fulfill more needs, especially with tremendous data on the molecules of different layers (e.g. genetic mutation, mRNA, protein etc.) which are accumulated based on a plenty of technologies. Besides, the technology-driven liquid biopsy biomarker is very promising to improve patients’ survival. The developments of biomarker discovery on these aspects are promoting the understanding of cancer, helping the stratification of patients and improving patients’ survival. Conclusion: Current developments on mechanisms-, data- and technology-driven biomarker discovery are achieving the aim of precision medicine and promoting the clinical application of biomarkers. Meanwhile, the complexity of cancer requires more effective biomarkers, which could be accomplished by a comprehensive integration of multiple types of biomarkers together with a deep understanding of cancer.

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Exosomal microRNAs as Potentially Useful Tools in Cancer Biomarker Discovery

Recent Patents on Biomarkerse ◽

10.2174/2210309011202030219 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 219-226

Author(s):

Ryan Navarro ◽

Narayan Shivapurkar

Keyword(s):

Biomarker Discovery ◽

Cancer Biomarker

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Biomarker discovery using meta-analysis of global mRNA expression data

Electrophoresis Letters ◽

10.2198/electroph.59.118 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 118-120

Author(s):

Tadashi Kondo

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Biomarker Discovery ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Expression Data ◽

Mrna Expression Data

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Upgrading the Repertoire of miRNAs in Gastric Adenocarcinoma to Provide a New Resource for Biomarker Discovery

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20225697 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (22) ◽

pp. 5697 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Michelle E. Pewarchuk ◽

Mateus C. Barros-Filho ◽

Brenda C. Minatel ◽

David E. Cohn ◽

Florian Guisier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gastric Adenocarcinoma ◽

Biomarker Discovery ◽

The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

Small Rna Sequencing ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Specific Expression ◽

Novel Mirna ◽

Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

Context Specific ◽

Independent Cohort

Recent studies have uncovered microRNAs (miRNAs) that have been overlooked in early genomic explorations, which show remarkable tissue- and context-specific expression. Here, we aim to identify and characterize previously unannotated miRNAs expressed in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA). Raw small RNA-sequencing data were analyzed using the miRMaster platform to predict and quantify previously unannotated miRNAs. A discovery cohort of 475 gastric samples (434 GA and 41 adjacent nonmalignant samples), collected by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), were evaluated. Candidate miRNAs were similarly assessed in an independent cohort of 25 gastric samples. We discovered 170 previously unannotated miRNA candidates expressed in gastric tissues. The expression of these novel miRNAs was highly specific to the gastric samples, 143 of which were significantly deregulated between tumor and nonmalignant contexts (p-adjusted < 0.05; fold change > 1.5). Multivariate survival analyses showed that the combined expression of one previously annotated miRNA and two novel miRNA candidates was significantly predictive of patient outcome. Further, the expression of these three miRNAs was able to stratify patients into three distinct prognostic groups (p = 0.00003). These novel miRNAs were also present in the independent cohort (43 sequences detected in both cohorts). Our findings uncover novel miRNA transcripts in gastric tissues that may have implications in the biology and management of gastric adenocarcinoma.

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