Association: Group exemption eyed for divisions

AbstractWhere the nonnative annual grass downy brome proliferates, it has changed ecosystem processes, such as nutrient, energy, and water cycles; successional pathways; and fire regimes. The objective of this study was to develop a model that predicts the presence of downy brome in Central Oregon and to test whether high presence correlates with greater cover. Understory data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service's Current Vegetation Survey (CVS) database for the Deschutes National Forest, the Ochoco National Forest, and the Crooked River National Grassland were compiled, and the presence of downy brome was determined for 1,092 systematically located plots. Logistic regression techniques were used to develop models for predicting downy brome populations. For the landscape including the eastside of the Cascade Mountains to the northwestern edge of the Great Basin, the following were selected as the best predictors of downy brome: low average March precipitation, warm minimum May temperature, few total trees per acre, many western junipers per acre, and a short distance to nearest road. The concordance index = 0.92. Using the equation from logistic regression, a probability for downy brome infestation was calculated for each CVS plot. The plots were assigned to a plant association group (PAG), and the average probability was calculated for the PAGs in which the CVS plots were located. This method could be duplicated in other areas where vegetation inventories take place.

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Effects of Long-Term Administration of Lithium and Hydrochlorothiazide in Rats

Metal-Based Drugs ◽

10.1155/mbd.1999.87 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 87-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Felicia Loghin ◽

Adriana Olinic ◽

Daniela-Saveta Popa ◽

Carmen Socaciu ◽

Sorin E. Leucuta

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Concomitant Administration ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Association Group ◽

Term Administration ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Kidney Liver ◽

Lithium Lactate

The biochemical and histological changes following 60 days administration of daily doses equivalent to 1/20 LD50 of lithium lactate and hydrochlorothiazide, as such and in association, were studied in male Wistar rats. No mortality or overt signs of toxicity were observed during the experiment and the serum activities of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase were not significantly modified compared to controls. The histopathological examination of all the investigated organs: kidney, liver, brain and spleen, revealed significant lesions which were time-dependant and more pronounced in the association group. Although the changes were mostly inflammatory and conqestive, it was proved that the concomitant administration of lithium and hydrochlorothiazid is potentially dangerous, increasing lithium’s nephrotoxicity and the thiazide diuretic's hepatotoxicity.

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III. Competition

International and Comparative Law Quarterly ◽

10.1017/s0020589300058760 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 226-230

Author(s):

Karl Newman ◽

Christopher Harding

Keyword(s):

Competition Law ◽

Good Deal ◽

National Courts ◽

Transport Services ◽

Court Of Justice ◽

National Competition ◽

Sharing Responsibility ◽

Group Exemption ◽

Court Of First Instance ◽

The Relationship

In the period covered by this note (early 1994 to the middle of 1995) some signifi cant and interesting judgments have been handed down by the Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance on both substantive and procedural issues of competition law, in particular that of the Court of Justice in the Magill case, which deals with the relationship between Article 86 and intellectual property rights. In the legislative field there is now a group exemption on the operation of liner transport services. As regards general problems of enforcement, the Commission's 1993 Notice on Co-operation between National Courts and the Commission1 has provoked a good deal of discussion and a number of commentators and also the Commission itself are now advocating sharing responsibility for enforcement with national competition authorities rather than relying on the direct effect of Articles 85(1) and 86 being invoked before national courts.2

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Religious Organizations Criticize Proposed Group Exemption Rules

Bruce R Hopkins Nonprofit Counsel ◽

10.1002/npc.30786 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (11) ◽

pp. 3-4

Keyword(s):

Religious Organizations ◽

Group Exemption

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How do media-owned national news agencies survive in the digital age? Business diversification in Austria Presse Agentur, Press Association and Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå

Journalism ◽

10.1177/1464884919883492 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 1877-1895 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Atte Jääskeläinen ◽

Servet Yanatma

Keyword(s):

News Media ◽

Dynamic Capabilities ◽

Visionary Leadership ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Senior Managers ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Media System ◽

Revenue Sources ◽

News Agencies ◽

Association Group

This article explores three national news agencies in Europe (Press Association Group in the United Kingdom, Austria Presse Agentur in Austria and Tidningarnas Telegrambyrå in Sweden) in order to find the reasons why these agencies decided to transform themselves from traditional newswires into diversified media businesses. We ask why these agencies are able to operate under market principles, with substantial profit margins, and also to contribute to a sustainable national media system, while agencies in some other countries struggle. We draw on semi-structured interviews with 26 senior managers of the agencies and use several strategic management frameworks, including five forces and dynamic capabilities. We find that, in all three agencies, early crises led to a sensing of news agencies’ weakened bargaining power with media clients and the decline of industry attractiveness and triggered a timely search for new revenue sources through diversification. These successful new businesses are based on a strong news-agency brand, on technological capabilities, and on resources originating from the agencies’ firm relationship with the news media. We argue that, in all three cases, visionary leadership and an ability to orchestrate a new relationship with media owners have been key capabilities created in these early crises.

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